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Bioaerosol Exposure and in vitro Activation of Toll-like Receptors in a Norwegian Waste Sorting Plant

BACKGROUND: The global shift toward greener societies demands new technologies and work operations in the waste-management sector. However, progressive industrial methods do not necessarily consider workers’ health. This study characterized workers' exposure to bioaerosols and investigated the...

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Autores principales: Eriksen, Elke, Graff, Pål, Pedersen, Ine, Straumfors, Anne, Afanou, Anani K.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9349000/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35936194
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2021.09.002
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author Eriksen, Elke
Graff, Pål
Pedersen, Ine
Straumfors, Anne
Afanou, Anani K.
author_facet Eriksen, Elke
Graff, Pål
Pedersen, Ine
Straumfors, Anne
Afanou, Anani K.
author_sort Eriksen, Elke
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: The global shift toward greener societies demands new technologies and work operations in the waste-management sector. However, progressive industrial methods do not necessarily consider workers’ health. This study characterized workers' exposure to bioaerosols and investigated the bioaerosols’ potential to engage the immune system in vitro. METHODS: Full shift personal aerosol sampling was conducted over three consecutive days. Dust load was analyzed by gravimetry, fungal and actinobacterial spores were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, and endotoxin by limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) assay. In vitro exposure of HEK cells to airborne dust samples was used to investigate the potential of inducing an inflammatory reaction. RESULTS: The total dust exposure level exceeded the recommended occupational exposure limit (OEL) of 5.0 mg/m(3) in 3 out of 15 samples. The inhalable endotoxin level exceeded the recommended exposure level by a 7-fold, whereas the fungal spore level exceeded the recommended exposure level by an 11-fold. Actinobacterial spores were identified in 8 out of 14 samples. In vitro experiments revealed significant TLR2 activation in 9 out of 14 samples vs. significant TLR4 activation in all samples. CONCLUSION: The present study showed that the dust samples contained potentially health-impairing endotoxin, fungi, and actinobacterial levels. Furthermore, the sampled dust contained microbial components capable of inducing TLR activation and thus have the potential to evoke an inflammatory response in exposed individuals.
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spelling pubmed-93490002022-08-05 Bioaerosol Exposure and in vitro Activation of Toll-like Receptors in a Norwegian Waste Sorting Plant Eriksen, Elke Graff, Pål Pedersen, Ine Straumfors, Anne Afanou, Anani K. Saf Health Work Original Article BACKGROUND: The global shift toward greener societies demands new technologies and work operations in the waste-management sector. However, progressive industrial methods do not necessarily consider workers’ health. This study characterized workers' exposure to bioaerosols and investigated the bioaerosols’ potential to engage the immune system in vitro. METHODS: Full shift personal aerosol sampling was conducted over three consecutive days. Dust load was analyzed by gravimetry, fungal and actinobacterial spores were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, and endotoxin by limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) assay. In vitro exposure of HEK cells to airborne dust samples was used to investigate the potential of inducing an inflammatory reaction. RESULTS: The total dust exposure level exceeded the recommended occupational exposure limit (OEL) of 5.0 mg/m(3) in 3 out of 15 samples. The inhalable endotoxin level exceeded the recommended exposure level by a 7-fold, whereas the fungal spore level exceeded the recommended exposure level by an 11-fold. Actinobacterial spores were identified in 8 out of 14 samples. In vitro experiments revealed significant TLR2 activation in 9 out of 14 samples vs. significant TLR4 activation in all samples. CONCLUSION: The present study showed that the dust samples contained potentially health-impairing endotoxin, fungi, and actinobacterial levels. Furthermore, the sampled dust contained microbial components capable of inducing TLR activation and thus have the potential to evoke an inflammatory response in exposed individuals. Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute 2022-03 2021-09-29 /pmc/articles/PMC9349000/ /pubmed/35936194 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2021.09.002 Text en © 2021 The Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
spellingShingle Original Article
Eriksen, Elke
Graff, Pål
Pedersen, Ine
Straumfors, Anne
Afanou, Anani K.
Bioaerosol Exposure and in vitro Activation of Toll-like Receptors in a Norwegian Waste Sorting Plant
title Bioaerosol Exposure and in vitro Activation of Toll-like Receptors in a Norwegian Waste Sorting Plant
title_full Bioaerosol Exposure and in vitro Activation of Toll-like Receptors in a Norwegian Waste Sorting Plant
title_fullStr Bioaerosol Exposure and in vitro Activation of Toll-like Receptors in a Norwegian Waste Sorting Plant
title_full_unstemmed Bioaerosol Exposure and in vitro Activation of Toll-like Receptors in a Norwegian Waste Sorting Plant
title_short Bioaerosol Exposure and in vitro Activation of Toll-like Receptors in a Norwegian Waste Sorting Plant
title_sort bioaerosol exposure and in vitro activation of toll-like receptors in a norwegian waste sorting plant
topic Original Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9349000/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35936194
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2021.09.002
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