Patient delay and health system delay of patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis in Mongolia, 2016–2017

Although diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis (TB) have been improved in many countries, delays in the diagnosis and treatment remain problematic in resource-limited countries. This study aimed to identify factors affecting delays in TB care in Mongolia. Data on TB cases registered from January 2016 to December 2017 were obtained from the national registry of TB at the Department of TB Surveillance and Research in National Center for Communicable Disease. The total number of TB cases registered in these two years was 8,166, including 3,267 cases of newly diagnosed pulmonary TB. Pulmonary TB cases (1,836 males and 1,431 females) were analyzed to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Patient delays longer than the median (28 days) were significantly associated with patient age >32 years (aOR=1.31, 95%CI: 1.14–1.51), residence in areas other than Ulaanbaatar (aimags) (aOR=1.38, 95%CI: 1.20–1.59), and smear-negative (aOR=0.57, 95%CI: 0.47–0.69). Health system delays longer than the median (7 days) were significantly associated with patient age >32 years (aOR=1.16, 95%CI: 1.00–1.33), residence in aimags (aOR=0.82, 95%CI: 0.71–0.95), special facilities including a prison hospital (aOR=4.40, 95%CI: 2.42–7.83), registration in 2017 relative to 2016 (aOR=0.83, 95%CI: 0.71–0.95), and smear-negative (aOR=1.72, 95%CI: 1.42–2.07). Total delays longer than the median (45 days) were significantly associated with patient age >32 years (aOR=1.39, 95%CI: 1.21–1.60), residence in aimags (aOR=1.27, 95%CI: 1.11–1.47), and smear-negative (aOR=0.74, 95%CI: 0.62–0.90). To shorten the total delay, improvement of the access to medical facilities in aimags is necessary.