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The role of enriched environment in neural development and repair
In addition to genetic information, environmental factors play an important role in the structure and function of nervous system and the occurrence and development of some nervous system diseases. Enriched environment (EE) can not only promote normal neural development through enhancing neuroplastic...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9350910/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35936498 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2022.890666 |
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author | Han, Yu Yuan, Mei Guo, Yi-Sha Shen, Xin-Ya Gao, Zhen-Kun Bi, Xia |
author_facet | Han, Yu Yuan, Mei Guo, Yi-Sha Shen, Xin-Ya Gao, Zhen-Kun Bi, Xia |
author_sort | Han, Yu |
collection | PubMed |
description | In addition to genetic information, environmental factors play an important role in the structure and function of nervous system and the occurrence and development of some nervous system diseases. Enriched environment (EE) can not only promote normal neural development through enhancing neuroplasticity but also play a nerve repair role in restoring functional activities during CNS injury by morphological and cellular and molecular adaptations in the brain. Different stages of development after birth respond to the environment to varying degrees. Therefore, we systematically review the pro-developmental and anti-stress value of EE during pregnancy, pre-weaning, and “adolescence” and analyze the difference in the effects of EE and its sub-components, especially with physical exercise. In our exploration of potential mechanisms that promote neurodevelopment, we have found that not all sub-components exert maximum value throughout the developmental phase, such as animals that do not respond to physical activity before weaning, and that EE is not superior to its sub-components in all respects. EE affects the developing and adult brain, resulting in some neuroplastic changes in the microscopic and macroscopic anatomy, finally contributing to enhanced learning and memory capacity. These positive promoting influences are particularly prominent regarding neural repair after neurobiological disorders. Taking cerebral ischemia as an example, we analyzed the molecular mediators of EE promoting repair from various dimensions. We found that EE does not always lead to positive effects on nerve repair, such as infarct size. In view of the classic issues such as standardization and relativity of EE have been thoroughly discussed, we finally focus on analyzing the essentiality of the time window of EE action and clinical translation in order to devote to the future research direction of EE and rapid and reasonable clinical application. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9350910 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-93509102022-08-05 The role of enriched environment in neural development and repair Han, Yu Yuan, Mei Guo, Yi-Sha Shen, Xin-Ya Gao, Zhen-Kun Bi, Xia Front Cell Neurosci Cellular Neuroscience In addition to genetic information, environmental factors play an important role in the structure and function of nervous system and the occurrence and development of some nervous system diseases. Enriched environment (EE) can not only promote normal neural development through enhancing neuroplasticity but also play a nerve repair role in restoring functional activities during CNS injury by morphological and cellular and molecular adaptations in the brain. Different stages of development after birth respond to the environment to varying degrees. Therefore, we systematically review the pro-developmental and anti-stress value of EE during pregnancy, pre-weaning, and “adolescence” and analyze the difference in the effects of EE and its sub-components, especially with physical exercise. In our exploration of potential mechanisms that promote neurodevelopment, we have found that not all sub-components exert maximum value throughout the developmental phase, such as animals that do not respond to physical activity before weaning, and that EE is not superior to its sub-components in all respects. EE affects the developing and adult brain, resulting in some neuroplastic changes in the microscopic and macroscopic anatomy, finally contributing to enhanced learning and memory capacity. These positive promoting influences are particularly prominent regarding neural repair after neurobiological disorders. Taking cerebral ischemia as an example, we analyzed the molecular mediators of EE promoting repair from various dimensions. We found that EE does not always lead to positive effects on nerve repair, such as infarct size. In view of the classic issues such as standardization and relativity of EE have been thoroughly discussed, we finally focus on analyzing the essentiality of the time window of EE action and clinical translation in order to devote to the future research direction of EE and rapid and reasonable clinical application. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-07-21 /pmc/articles/PMC9350910/ /pubmed/35936498 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2022.890666 Text en Copyright © 2022 Han, Yuan, Guo, Shen, Gao and Bi. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Cellular Neuroscience Han, Yu Yuan, Mei Guo, Yi-Sha Shen, Xin-Ya Gao, Zhen-Kun Bi, Xia The role of enriched environment in neural development and repair |
title | The role of enriched environment in neural development and repair |
title_full | The role of enriched environment in neural development and repair |
title_fullStr | The role of enriched environment in neural development and repair |
title_full_unstemmed | The role of enriched environment in neural development and repair |
title_short | The role of enriched environment in neural development and repair |
title_sort | role of enriched environment in neural development and repair |
topic | Cellular Neuroscience |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9350910/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35936498 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2022.890666 |
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