Analysis of Pyrolysis Characteristics of Oily Sludge in Different Regions and Environmental Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Pyrolysis Residue

[Image: see text] As a resource treatment method, pyrolysis realizes the recovery of oil and immobilization of heavy metals in oily sludge (OS). The results showed that the composition of OS had little effect on the trend of the whole pyrolysis process, but it had different effects on the mass loss and maximum weight loss rate at each pyrolysis stage. SEM–EDS results showed that the pyrolysis residue had a porous internal structure, which was similar to that of activated carbon. The elements S, Ca, O, Fe, Al, and Si were embedded in the carbon skeleton. After OS pyrolysis, the oil content of the solid residue was far less than 2%, which met the pollution control requirements for comprehensive utilization specified in China’s oil and gas industry standard. At the same time, the ratio of exchangeable fraction decreased and the ratio of residual fraction increased after OS pyrolysis. The potential ecological hazard coefficient (E(r)) of Cd in OS2, OS2-500, and OS2-600 was greater than 40, which were strong and medium hazards. The E(r) values of OS2-700 and other metals were far lower than 40, which were low hazards. With the increase of pyrolysis temperature, the comprehensive ecological hazard index (RI) of heavy metals in the residue gradually decreased and the RI value of OS2-700 decreased to 28.01. Therefore, the pyrolysis residue had an internal porous structure and controllable environmental risk. It could be used as an adsorption material for heavy metals to realize the comprehensive utilization of OS.