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Inflammation and Severe Cerebral Venous Thrombosis

Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare type of venous thromboembolism (VTE). It is an important cause of stroke in young adults and children. Severe CVT, which is characterized by cerebral venous infarction or hemorrhage, seizures, or disturbance of consciousness, has more severe clinical manife...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Hu, Shuyuan, Lee, Hangil, Zhao, Haiping, Ding, Yuchuan, Duan, Jiangang
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9353263/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35937062
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2022.873802
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author Hu, Shuyuan
Lee, Hangil
Zhao, Haiping
Ding, Yuchuan
Duan, Jiangang
author_facet Hu, Shuyuan
Lee, Hangil
Zhao, Haiping
Ding, Yuchuan
Duan, Jiangang
author_sort Hu, Shuyuan
collection PubMed
description Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare type of venous thromboembolism (VTE). It is an important cause of stroke in young adults and children. Severe CVT, which is characterized by cerebral venous infarction or hemorrhage, seizures, or disturbance of consciousness, has more severe clinical manifestations and a worse prognosis. It is commonly believed that the onset of severe CVT gave credit to venous return disorder, with the underlying pathogenesis remaining unclear. There is increasing evidence suggesting that an inflammatory response is closely associated with the pathophysiology of severe CVT. Preclinical studies have identified the components of neuroinflammation, including microglia, astrocytes, and neutrophils. After CVT occurrence, microglia are activated and secrete cytokines (e.g., interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α), which result in a series of brain injuries, including blood-brain barrier disruption, brain edema, and cerebral venous infarction. Additionally, astrocytes are activated at the initial CVT stage and may interact with microglia to exacerbate the inflammatory response. The extent of cerebral edema and neutrophil recruitment increases temporally in the acute phase. Further, there are also changes in the morphology of inflammatory cells, expression of inflammatory mediators, and inflammatory pathway molecules with CVT progression. Lately, some clinical research suggested that some inflammation-related biomarkers are of great value in assessing the course, severity, and prognosis of severe CVT. Moreover, basic and clinical research suggested that anti-inflammatory therapy might hold promise in severe CVT. This study reviews the current literature regarding the involvement of inflammation in the pathophysiology and anti-inflammatory interventions of severe CVT, which would contribute to informing the pathophysiology mechanism and laying a foundation for exploring novel severe CVT therapeutic strategies.
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spelling pubmed-93532632022-08-06 Inflammation and Severe Cerebral Venous Thrombosis Hu, Shuyuan Lee, Hangil Zhao, Haiping Ding, Yuchuan Duan, Jiangang Front Neurol Neurology Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare type of venous thromboembolism (VTE). It is an important cause of stroke in young adults and children. Severe CVT, which is characterized by cerebral venous infarction or hemorrhage, seizures, or disturbance of consciousness, has more severe clinical manifestations and a worse prognosis. It is commonly believed that the onset of severe CVT gave credit to venous return disorder, with the underlying pathogenesis remaining unclear. There is increasing evidence suggesting that an inflammatory response is closely associated with the pathophysiology of severe CVT. Preclinical studies have identified the components of neuroinflammation, including microglia, astrocytes, and neutrophils. After CVT occurrence, microglia are activated and secrete cytokines (e.g., interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α), which result in a series of brain injuries, including blood-brain barrier disruption, brain edema, and cerebral venous infarction. Additionally, astrocytes are activated at the initial CVT stage and may interact with microglia to exacerbate the inflammatory response. The extent of cerebral edema and neutrophil recruitment increases temporally in the acute phase. Further, there are also changes in the morphology of inflammatory cells, expression of inflammatory mediators, and inflammatory pathway molecules with CVT progression. Lately, some clinical research suggested that some inflammation-related biomarkers are of great value in assessing the course, severity, and prognosis of severe CVT. Moreover, basic and clinical research suggested that anti-inflammatory therapy might hold promise in severe CVT. This study reviews the current literature regarding the involvement of inflammation in the pathophysiology and anti-inflammatory interventions of severe CVT, which would contribute to informing the pathophysiology mechanism and laying a foundation for exploring novel severe CVT therapeutic strategies. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-07-22 /pmc/articles/PMC9353263/ /pubmed/35937062 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2022.873802 Text en Copyright © 2022 Hu, Lee, Zhao, Ding and Duan. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Neurology
Hu, Shuyuan
Lee, Hangil
Zhao, Haiping
Ding, Yuchuan
Duan, Jiangang
Inflammation and Severe Cerebral Venous Thrombosis
title Inflammation and Severe Cerebral Venous Thrombosis
title_full Inflammation and Severe Cerebral Venous Thrombosis
title_fullStr Inflammation and Severe Cerebral Venous Thrombosis
title_full_unstemmed Inflammation and Severe Cerebral Venous Thrombosis
title_short Inflammation and Severe Cerebral Venous Thrombosis
title_sort inflammation and severe cerebral venous thrombosis
topic Neurology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9353263/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35937062
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2022.873802
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