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Incorporating Physical Knowledge Into Machine Learning for Planetary Space Physics

Recent improvements in data collection volume from planetary and space physics missions have allowed the application of novel data science techniques. The Cassini mission for example collected over 600 gigabytes of scientific data from 2004 to 2017. This represents a surge of data on the Saturn syst...

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Autores principales: Azari, Abigail R., Lockhart, Jeffrey W., Liemohn, Michael W., Jia, Xianzhe
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9354472/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35935034
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fspas.2020.00036
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author Azari, Abigail R.
Lockhart, Jeffrey W.
Liemohn, Michael W.
Jia, Xianzhe
author_facet Azari, Abigail R.
Lockhart, Jeffrey W.
Liemohn, Michael W.
Jia, Xianzhe
author_sort Azari, Abigail R.
collection PubMed
description Recent improvements in data collection volume from planetary and space physics missions have allowed the application of novel data science techniques. The Cassini mission for example collected over 600 gigabytes of scientific data from 2004 to 2017. This represents a surge of data on the Saturn system. In comparison, the previous mission to Saturn, Voyager over 20 years earlier, had onboard a ~70 kB 8-track storage ability. Machine learning can help scientists work with data on this larger scale. Unlike many applications of machine learning, a primary use in planetary space physics applications is to infer behavior about the system itself. This raises three concerns: first, the performance of the machine learning model, second, the need for interpretable applications to answer scientific questions, and third, how characteristics of spacecraft data change these applications. In comparison to these concerns, uses of “black box” or un-interpretable machine learning methods tend toward evaluations of performance only either ignoring the underlying physical process or, less often, providing misleading explanations for it. The present work uses Cassini data as a case study as these data are similar to space physics and planetary missions at Earth and other solar system objects. We build off a previous effort applying a semi-supervised physics-based classification of plasma instabilities in Saturn’s magnetic environment, or magnetosphere. We then use this previous effort in comparison to other machine learning classifiers with varying data size access, and physical information access. We show that incorporating knowledge of these orbiting spacecraft data characteristics improves the performance and interpretability of machine leaning methods, which is essential for deriving scientific meaning. Building on these findings, we present a framework on incorporating physics knowledge into machine learning problems targeting semi-supervised classification for space physics data in planetary environments. These findings present a path forward for incorporating physical knowledge into space physics and planetary mission data analyses for scientific discovery.
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spelling pubmed-93544722022-08-05 Incorporating Physical Knowledge Into Machine Learning for Planetary Space Physics Azari, Abigail R. Lockhart, Jeffrey W. Liemohn, Michael W. Jia, Xianzhe Front Astron Space Sci Article Recent improvements in data collection volume from planetary and space physics missions have allowed the application of novel data science techniques. The Cassini mission for example collected over 600 gigabytes of scientific data from 2004 to 2017. This represents a surge of data on the Saturn system. In comparison, the previous mission to Saturn, Voyager over 20 years earlier, had onboard a ~70 kB 8-track storage ability. Machine learning can help scientists work with data on this larger scale. Unlike many applications of machine learning, a primary use in planetary space physics applications is to infer behavior about the system itself. This raises three concerns: first, the performance of the machine learning model, second, the need for interpretable applications to answer scientific questions, and third, how characteristics of spacecraft data change these applications. In comparison to these concerns, uses of “black box” or un-interpretable machine learning methods tend toward evaluations of performance only either ignoring the underlying physical process or, less often, providing misleading explanations for it. The present work uses Cassini data as a case study as these data are similar to space physics and planetary missions at Earth and other solar system objects. We build off a previous effort applying a semi-supervised physics-based classification of plasma instabilities in Saturn’s magnetic environment, or magnetosphere. We then use this previous effort in comparison to other machine learning classifiers with varying data size access, and physical information access. We show that incorporating knowledge of these orbiting spacecraft data characteristics improves the performance and interpretability of machine leaning methods, which is essential for deriving scientific meaning. Building on these findings, we present a framework on incorporating physics knowledge into machine learning problems targeting semi-supervised classification for space physics data in planetary environments. These findings present a path forward for incorporating physical knowledge into space physics and planetary mission data analyses for scientific discovery. 2020-07 2020-07-08 /pmc/articles/PMC9354472/ /pubmed/35935034 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fspas.2020.00036 Text en https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Article
Azari, Abigail R.
Lockhart, Jeffrey W.
Liemohn, Michael W.
Jia, Xianzhe
Incorporating Physical Knowledge Into Machine Learning for Planetary Space Physics
title Incorporating Physical Knowledge Into Machine Learning for Planetary Space Physics
title_full Incorporating Physical Knowledge Into Machine Learning for Planetary Space Physics
title_fullStr Incorporating Physical Knowledge Into Machine Learning for Planetary Space Physics
title_full_unstemmed Incorporating Physical Knowledge Into Machine Learning for Planetary Space Physics
title_short Incorporating Physical Knowledge Into Machine Learning for Planetary Space Physics
title_sort incorporating physical knowledge into machine learning for planetary space physics
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9354472/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35935034
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fspas.2020.00036
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