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Detection and Characterization of Early Gastric Cancer

In this review, we would like to focus on risk stratification and quality indicators of diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in the detection and characterization of early gastric cancer. Preparation of the upper gastrointestinal tract with mucolytic agents or simethicone is often overlooked...

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Autores principales: Ferreira, Carlos Noronha, Serrazina, Juliana, Marinho, Rui Tato
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9354496/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35936695
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2022.855216
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author Ferreira, Carlos Noronha
Serrazina, Juliana
Marinho, Rui Tato
author_facet Ferreira, Carlos Noronha
Serrazina, Juliana
Marinho, Rui Tato
author_sort Ferreira, Carlos Noronha
collection PubMed
description In this review, we would like to focus on risk stratification and quality indicators of diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in the detection and characterization of early gastric cancer. Preparation of the upper gastrointestinal tract with mucolytic agents or simethicone is often overlooked in the west, and this inexpensive step prior to endoscopy can greatly improve the quality of imaging of the upper digestive tract. Risk stratification based on epidemiological features including family history, Helicobacter pylori infection status, and tobacco smoking is often overlooked but may be useful to identify a subgroup of patients at higher risk of developing gastric cancer. Quality indicators of diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy are now well defined and include: minimal inspection time of 3 min, adequate photographic documentation of upper gastrointestinal landmarks, utilization of advanced endoscopic imaging technology including narrow band imaging and blue laser imaging to detect intestinal metaplasia and characterize early gastric cancer; and standardized biopsy protocols allow for histological evaluation of gastric mucosa and detection of atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia. Finally, endoscopic and histologic classifications such as the Kimura–Takemoto Classification of atrophic gastritis and the OLGA–OLGIM classifications may help stratify patients at a higher risk of developing early gastric cancer.
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spelling pubmed-93544962022-08-06 Detection and Characterization of Early Gastric Cancer Ferreira, Carlos Noronha Serrazina, Juliana Marinho, Rui Tato Front Oncol Oncology In this review, we would like to focus on risk stratification and quality indicators of diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in the detection and characterization of early gastric cancer. Preparation of the upper gastrointestinal tract with mucolytic agents or simethicone is often overlooked in the west, and this inexpensive step prior to endoscopy can greatly improve the quality of imaging of the upper digestive tract. Risk stratification based on epidemiological features including family history, Helicobacter pylori infection status, and tobacco smoking is often overlooked but may be useful to identify a subgroup of patients at higher risk of developing gastric cancer. Quality indicators of diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy are now well defined and include: minimal inspection time of 3 min, adequate photographic documentation of upper gastrointestinal landmarks, utilization of advanced endoscopic imaging technology including narrow band imaging and blue laser imaging to detect intestinal metaplasia and characterize early gastric cancer; and standardized biopsy protocols allow for histological evaluation of gastric mucosa and detection of atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia. Finally, endoscopic and histologic classifications such as the Kimura–Takemoto Classification of atrophic gastritis and the OLGA–OLGIM classifications may help stratify patients at a higher risk of developing early gastric cancer. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-07-22 /pmc/articles/PMC9354496/ /pubmed/35936695 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2022.855216 Text en Copyright © 2022 Ferreira, Serrazina and Marinho https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Oncology
Ferreira, Carlos Noronha
Serrazina, Juliana
Marinho, Rui Tato
Detection and Characterization of Early Gastric Cancer
title Detection and Characterization of Early Gastric Cancer
title_full Detection and Characterization of Early Gastric Cancer
title_fullStr Detection and Characterization of Early Gastric Cancer
title_full_unstemmed Detection and Characterization of Early Gastric Cancer
title_short Detection and Characterization of Early Gastric Cancer
title_sort detection and characterization of early gastric cancer
topic Oncology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9354496/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35936695
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2022.855216
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