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Plasma fingerprint of free fatty acids and their correlations with the traditional cardiac biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes complicated by coronary heart disease

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular disease, with at least 2–3 fold higher risk of cardiovascular diseases than non-diabetics. Free fatty acids (FFAs) are believed to play important roles in the occurrence of cardiovascular disease in people with T2DM...

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Autores principales: Hu, Ting, Zhang, Wen, Han, Feifei, Zhao, Rui, Liu, Lihong, An, Zhuoling
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9355375/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35935651
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2022.903412
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author Hu, Ting
Zhang, Wen
Han, Feifei
Zhao, Rui
Liu, Lihong
An, Zhuoling
author_facet Hu, Ting
Zhang, Wen
Han, Feifei
Zhao, Rui
Liu, Lihong
An, Zhuoling
author_sort Hu, Ting
collection PubMed
description Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular disease, with at least 2–3 fold higher risk of cardiovascular diseases than non-diabetics. Free fatty acids (FFAs) are believed to play important roles in the occurrence of cardiovascular disease in people with T2DM. The aim of this study was to investigate the fingerprint of plasma FFAs and their correlations with the tradition risk factors of cardiovascular disease in T2DM patients complicated by coronary heart disease (CHD-T2DM). A total of 401 participants, including healthy control (HC, n = 143), T2DM patients (n = 134), and CHD-T2DM patients (n = 126) were enrolled in this study. Plasma levels of 36 FFAs with carbon chain length ranged from 3 to 22 were quantified by using reverse phase ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Tradition risk factors of cardiovascular disease were tested in clinical laboratory, including homocysteine (HCY), creatine kinase (CK), high sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP), and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and so on. Almost all the FFAs with different carbon chain length and unsaturation were significantly upregulated in the T2DM-CHD groups, compared to the HC and T2DM groups. Both n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were also found to be significantly upregulated in T2DM-CHD group compared to the T2DM group. However, no significantly differences of the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio, arachidonic acid/eicosapentaenoic acid (AA/EPA) ratio, and arachidonic acid/docosahexaenoic acid (AA/DHA) ratio were observed between T2DM-CHD and T2DM groups. Plasma FFA levels were found to be positively correlated with HCY, CK, hsCRP, NT-proBNP and other tradition risk factors of CHD. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that a dozens of FFAs were the independent risk factors of CHD after adjustment for confounding factors and other risk factors. Excessively high plasma levels of FFAs were demonstrated to be independent risk factors for CHD in patients with T2DM, despite of the differences in chain length, unsaturation, and double bond position.
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spelling pubmed-93553752022-08-06 Plasma fingerprint of free fatty acids and their correlations with the traditional cardiac biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes complicated by coronary heart disease Hu, Ting Zhang, Wen Han, Feifei Zhao, Rui Liu, Lihong An, Zhuoling Front Cardiovasc Med Cardiovascular Medicine Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular disease, with at least 2–3 fold higher risk of cardiovascular diseases than non-diabetics. Free fatty acids (FFAs) are believed to play important roles in the occurrence of cardiovascular disease in people with T2DM. The aim of this study was to investigate the fingerprint of plasma FFAs and their correlations with the tradition risk factors of cardiovascular disease in T2DM patients complicated by coronary heart disease (CHD-T2DM). A total of 401 participants, including healthy control (HC, n = 143), T2DM patients (n = 134), and CHD-T2DM patients (n = 126) were enrolled in this study. Plasma levels of 36 FFAs with carbon chain length ranged from 3 to 22 were quantified by using reverse phase ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Tradition risk factors of cardiovascular disease were tested in clinical laboratory, including homocysteine (HCY), creatine kinase (CK), high sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP), and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and so on. Almost all the FFAs with different carbon chain length and unsaturation were significantly upregulated in the T2DM-CHD groups, compared to the HC and T2DM groups. Both n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were also found to be significantly upregulated in T2DM-CHD group compared to the T2DM group. However, no significantly differences of the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio, arachidonic acid/eicosapentaenoic acid (AA/EPA) ratio, and arachidonic acid/docosahexaenoic acid (AA/DHA) ratio were observed between T2DM-CHD and T2DM groups. Plasma FFA levels were found to be positively correlated with HCY, CK, hsCRP, NT-proBNP and other tradition risk factors of CHD. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that a dozens of FFAs were the independent risk factors of CHD after adjustment for confounding factors and other risk factors. Excessively high plasma levels of FFAs were demonstrated to be independent risk factors for CHD in patients with T2DM, despite of the differences in chain length, unsaturation, and double bond position. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-07-22 /pmc/articles/PMC9355375/ /pubmed/35935651 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2022.903412 Text en Copyright © 2022 Hu, Zhang, Han, Zhao, Liu and An. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Cardiovascular Medicine
Hu, Ting
Zhang, Wen
Han, Feifei
Zhao, Rui
Liu, Lihong
An, Zhuoling
Plasma fingerprint of free fatty acids and their correlations with the traditional cardiac biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes complicated by coronary heart disease
title Plasma fingerprint of free fatty acids and their correlations with the traditional cardiac biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes complicated by coronary heart disease
title_full Plasma fingerprint of free fatty acids and their correlations with the traditional cardiac biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes complicated by coronary heart disease
title_fullStr Plasma fingerprint of free fatty acids and their correlations with the traditional cardiac biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes complicated by coronary heart disease
title_full_unstemmed Plasma fingerprint of free fatty acids and their correlations with the traditional cardiac biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes complicated by coronary heart disease
title_short Plasma fingerprint of free fatty acids and their correlations with the traditional cardiac biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes complicated by coronary heart disease
title_sort plasma fingerprint of free fatty acids and their correlations with the traditional cardiac biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes complicated by coronary heart disease
topic Cardiovascular Medicine
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9355375/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35935651
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2022.903412
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