Genome of Lindera glauca provides insights into the evolution of biosynthesis genes for aromatic compounds

Lindera glauca is a crucial source of diverse industrial oil and medicines. The spicy aroma of tender leaves is caused by the presence of abundant aromatic compounds. Here, we present its chromosome-level genome assembly comprising 12 pseudochromosomes (2,092.2 Mb; scaffold N50: 186.5 Mb), which was predicted to have 65,145 protein-coding genes. Comparative genomic analyses indicated two whole-genome duplication (WGD) events in the Lauraceae family, contributing to the production of numerous terpene synthase (TPS) genes. We identified 138 TPS genes in L. glauca. Comparative transcriptomic analyses revealed high expression of genes Lg03G2346 and Lg08G140 in TPS-a and Lg07G2961 and Lg12G971 in TPS-b subfamilies, which regulated the biosynthesis of the monoterpenoid β-ocimene and sesquiterpenoid D-germacrene in L. glauca. The results suggested a molecular basis for species-specific terpenoid biosynthesis and provided a foundation for molecular breeding to produce desired characteristics and a valuable reference genome.