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Figure-Disembedding Is Inferior in Non-autistic Compared to Autistic Individuals but Can Be Improved by Training

BACKGROUND: Figure-disembedding is one of the most discussed visuo-cognitive functions, in which individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have been reported to outperform non-autistic individuals. A local processing bias has been assumed to underlie such superior performance patterns. The aim...

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Autores principales: Falter-Wagner, Christine M., Bloch, Carola, Robles, Marta, Horch, Lea, Vogeley, Kai, Georgescu, Alexandra Livia
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9358439/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35959010
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.857630
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author Falter-Wagner, Christine M.
Bloch, Carola
Robles, Marta
Horch, Lea
Vogeley, Kai
Georgescu, Alexandra Livia
author_facet Falter-Wagner, Christine M.
Bloch, Carola
Robles, Marta
Horch, Lea
Vogeley, Kai
Georgescu, Alexandra Livia
author_sort Falter-Wagner, Christine M.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Figure-disembedding is one of the most discussed visuo-cognitive functions, in which individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have been reported to outperform non-autistic individuals. A local processing bias has been assumed to underlie such superior performance patterns. The aim of the current study is to investigate whether processing preferences can be modified by procedural priming. METHOD: The current study used a procedural priming task (Navon figures) to induce more local or global processing in 25 autistic and 21 typically developing (TD) control participants, using hierarchical figures preceding the figure-disembedding task. RESULTS: Participants with ASD outperformed non-autistic individuals in the unprimed baseline task version. The performance was not modulated by priming in either direction (toward a local or global processing style) in both groups. However, the performance of TD control participants was improved by training to the same level as that observed in the ASD group. CONCLUSION: Figure-disembedding performance in ASD is superior to that in TD control participants and robust against procedural priming or training. In contrast, performance in the TD control group can be improved up to the level of the ASD group. Any studies reporting superiority in individuals with ASD in figure-disembedding should consider training effects when evaluating group differences.
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spelling pubmed-93584392022-08-10 Figure-Disembedding Is Inferior in Non-autistic Compared to Autistic Individuals but Can Be Improved by Training Falter-Wagner, Christine M. Bloch, Carola Robles, Marta Horch, Lea Vogeley, Kai Georgescu, Alexandra Livia Front Psychol Psychology BACKGROUND: Figure-disembedding is one of the most discussed visuo-cognitive functions, in which individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have been reported to outperform non-autistic individuals. A local processing bias has been assumed to underlie such superior performance patterns. The aim of the current study is to investigate whether processing preferences can be modified by procedural priming. METHOD: The current study used a procedural priming task (Navon figures) to induce more local or global processing in 25 autistic and 21 typically developing (TD) control participants, using hierarchical figures preceding the figure-disembedding task. RESULTS: Participants with ASD outperformed non-autistic individuals in the unprimed baseline task version. The performance was not modulated by priming in either direction (toward a local or global processing style) in both groups. However, the performance of TD control participants was improved by training to the same level as that observed in the ASD group. CONCLUSION: Figure-disembedding performance in ASD is superior to that in TD control participants and robust against procedural priming or training. In contrast, performance in the TD control group can be improved up to the level of the ASD group. Any studies reporting superiority in individuals with ASD in figure-disembedding should consider training effects when evaluating group differences. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-07-25 /pmc/articles/PMC9358439/ /pubmed/35959010 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.857630 Text en Copyright © 2022 Falter-Wagner, Bloch, Robles, Horch, Vogeley and Georgescu. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Psychology
Falter-Wagner, Christine M.
Bloch, Carola
Robles, Marta
Horch, Lea
Vogeley, Kai
Georgescu, Alexandra Livia
Figure-Disembedding Is Inferior in Non-autistic Compared to Autistic Individuals but Can Be Improved by Training
title Figure-Disembedding Is Inferior in Non-autistic Compared to Autistic Individuals but Can Be Improved by Training
title_full Figure-Disembedding Is Inferior in Non-autistic Compared to Autistic Individuals but Can Be Improved by Training
title_fullStr Figure-Disembedding Is Inferior in Non-autistic Compared to Autistic Individuals but Can Be Improved by Training
title_full_unstemmed Figure-Disembedding Is Inferior in Non-autistic Compared to Autistic Individuals but Can Be Improved by Training
title_short Figure-Disembedding Is Inferior in Non-autistic Compared to Autistic Individuals but Can Be Improved by Training
title_sort figure-disembedding is inferior in non-autistic compared to autistic individuals but can be improved by training
topic Psychology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9358439/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35959010
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.857630
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