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Validation of a COVID-19 mental health and wellness survey questionnaire
BACKGROUND AND AIM: COVID-19 affected mental health and wellbeing. Research is needed to assess its impact using validated tools. The study assessed the content validity, reliability and dimensionality of a multidimensional tool for assessing the mental health and wellbeing of adults. METHODS: An on...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9358641/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35941580 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13825-2 |
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author | El Tantawi, Maha Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin Nguyen, Annie Lu Aly, Nourhan M. Ezechi, Oliver Uzochukwu, Benjamin S. C. Alaba, Oluwatoyin Adedoyin Brown, Brandon |
author_facet | El Tantawi, Maha Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin Nguyen, Annie Lu Aly, Nourhan M. Ezechi, Oliver Uzochukwu, Benjamin S. C. Alaba, Oluwatoyin Adedoyin Brown, Brandon |
author_sort | El Tantawi, Maha |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND AND AIM: COVID-19 affected mental health and wellbeing. Research is needed to assess its impact using validated tools. The study assessed the content validity, reliability and dimensionality of a multidimensional tool for assessing the mental health and wellbeing of adults. METHODS: An online questionnaire collected data in the second half of 2020 from adults in different countries. The questionnaire included nine sections assessing: COVID-19 experience and sociodemographic profile; health and memory; pandemic stress (pandemic stress index, PSI); financial and lifestyle impact; social support; post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD); coping strategies; self-care and HIV profile over 57 questions. Content validity was assessed (content validity index, CVI) and participants evaluated the test-retest reliability (Kappa statistic and intra-class correlation coefficient, ICC). Internal consistency of scales was assessed (Cronbach α). The dimensionality of the PSI sections and self-care strategies was assessed by multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) using all responses and SPSS. For qualitative validation, we used a semi-structured interview and NVivo was used for coding and thematic analysis. RESULTS: The overall CVI = 0.83 with lower values for the memory items. Cronbach α for the memory items = 0.94 and ICC = 0.71. Cronbach α for PTSD items was 0.93 and ICC = 0.89. Test-retest scores varied by section. The 2-dimensions solution of MCA for the PSI behavior section explained 33.6% (precautionary measures dimension), 11.4% (response to impact dimension) and overall variance = 45%. The 2-dimensions of the PSI psychosocial impact explained 23.5% (psychosocial impact of the pandemic dimension), 8.3% (psychosocial impact of the precautionary measures of the pandemic dimension) and overall variance = 31.8%. The 2-dimensions of self-care explained 32.9% (dimension of self-care strategies by people who prefer to stay at home and avoid others), 9% (dimension of self-care strategies by outward-going people) and overall variance = 41.9%. Qualitative analysis showed that participants agreed that the multidimensional assessment assessed the effect of the pandemic and that it was better suited to the well-educated. CONCLUSION: The questionnaire has good content validity and can be used to assess the impact of the pandemic in cross-sectional studies especially as individual items. The PSI and self-care strategies need revision to ensure the inclusion of items with strong discrimination. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-13825-2. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9358641 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-93586412022-08-09 Validation of a COVID-19 mental health and wellness survey questionnaire El Tantawi, Maha Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin Nguyen, Annie Lu Aly, Nourhan M. Ezechi, Oliver Uzochukwu, Benjamin S. C. Alaba, Oluwatoyin Adedoyin Brown, Brandon BMC Public Health Research BACKGROUND AND AIM: COVID-19 affected mental health and wellbeing. Research is needed to assess its impact using validated tools. The study assessed the content validity, reliability and dimensionality of a multidimensional tool for assessing the mental health and wellbeing of adults. METHODS: An online questionnaire collected data in the second half of 2020 from adults in different countries. The questionnaire included nine sections assessing: COVID-19 experience and sociodemographic profile; health and memory; pandemic stress (pandemic stress index, PSI); financial and lifestyle impact; social support; post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD); coping strategies; self-care and HIV profile over 57 questions. Content validity was assessed (content validity index, CVI) and participants evaluated the test-retest reliability (Kappa statistic and intra-class correlation coefficient, ICC). Internal consistency of scales was assessed (Cronbach α). The dimensionality of the PSI sections and self-care strategies was assessed by multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) using all responses and SPSS. For qualitative validation, we used a semi-structured interview and NVivo was used for coding and thematic analysis. RESULTS: The overall CVI = 0.83 with lower values for the memory items. Cronbach α for the memory items = 0.94 and ICC = 0.71. Cronbach α for PTSD items was 0.93 and ICC = 0.89. Test-retest scores varied by section. The 2-dimensions solution of MCA for the PSI behavior section explained 33.6% (precautionary measures dimension), 11.4% (response to impact dimension) and overall variance = 45%. The 2-dimensions of the PSI psychosocial impact explained 23.5% (psychosocial impact of the pandemic dimension), 8.3% (psychosocial impact of the precautionary measures of the pandemic dimension) and overall variance = 31.8%. The 2-dimensions of self-care explained 32.9% (dimension of self-care strategies by people who prefer to stay at home and avoid others), 9% (dimension of self-care strategies by outward-going people) and overall variance = 41.9%. Qualitative analysis showed that participants agreed that the multidimensional assessment assessed the effect of the pandemic and that it was better suited to the well-educated. CONCLUSION: The questionnaire has good content validity and can be used to assess the impact of the pandemic in cross-sectional studies especially as individual items. The PSI and self-care strategies need revision to ensure the inclusion of items with strong discrimination. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-13825-2. BioMed Central 2022-08-08 /pmc/articles/PMC9358641/ /pubmed/35941580 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13825-2 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research El Tantawi, Maha Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin Nguyen, Annie Lu Aly, Nourhan M. Ezechi, Oliver Uzochukwu, Benjamin S. C. Alaba, Oluwatoyin Adedoyin Brown, Brandon Validation of a COVID-19 mental health and wellness survey questionnaire |
title | Validation of a COVID-19 mental health and wellness survey questionnaire |
title_full | Validation of a COVID-19 mental health and wellness survey questionnaire |
title_fullStr | Validation of a COVID-19 mental health and wellness survey questionnaire |
title_full_unstemmed | Validation of a COVID-19 mental health and wellness survey questionnaire |
title_short | Validation of a COVID-19 mental health and wellness survey questionnaire |
title_sort | validation of a covid-19 mental health and wellness survey questionnaire |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9358641/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35941580 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13825-2 |
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