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Aversive Pavlovian inhibition in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and its restoration by mindfulness-based cognitive therapy
BACKGROUND: Control over the tendency to make or withhold responses guided by contextual Pavlovian information plays a key role in understanding impulsivity and hyperactivity. Here we set out to assess (1) the understudied relation between contextual Pavlovian inhibitory control and hyperactivity/im...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9359138/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35957921 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2022.938082 |
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author | Geurts, Dirk E. M. den Ouden, Hanneke E. M. Janssen, Lotte Swart, Jennifer C. Froböse, Monja I. Cools, Roshan Speckens, Anne E. M. |
author_facet | Geurts, Dirk E. M. den Ouden, Hanneke E. M. Janssen, Lotte Swart, Jennifer C. Froböse, Monja I. Cools, Roshan Speckens, Anne E. M. |
author_sort | Geurts, Dirk E. M. |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Control over the tendency to make or withhold responses guided by contextual Pavlovian information plays a key role in understanding impulsivity and hyperactivity. Here we set out to assess (1) the understudied relation between contextual Pavlovian inhibitory control and hyperactivity/impulsivity in adults with ADHD and (2) whether this inhibition can be enhanced by mindfulness based cognitive therapy (MBCT). METHODS: Within the framework of a randomized controlled trial 50 Adult ADHD patients were assessed before and after 8 weeks of treatment as usual (TAU) with (n = 24) or without (n = 26) MBCT. We employed a well-established behavioral Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer task that quantifies Pavlovian inhibitory control over instrumental behavior. RESULTS: Task results revealed (1) less aversive Pavlovian inhibition in ADHD patients with clinically relevant hyperactivity/impulsivity than in those without; and (2) enhanced Pavlovian inhibition across all ADHD patients after TAU+MBCT compared with TAU. CONCLUSION: These findings offer new insights in the neurocognitive mechanisms of hyperactivity/impulsivity in ADHD and its treatment: We reveal a role for Pavlovian inhibitory mechanisms in understanding hyperactive/impulsive behaviors in ADHD and point toward MBCT as an intervention that might influence these mechanisms. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9359138 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-93591382022-08-10 Aversive Pavlovian inhibition in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and its restoration by mindfulness-based cognitive therapy Geurts, Dirk E. M. den Ouden, Hanneke E. M. Janssen, Lotte Swart, Jennifer C. Froböse, Monja I. Cools, Roshan Speckens, Anne E. M. Front Behav Neurosci Neuroscience BACKGROUND: Control over the tendency to make or withhold responses guided by contextual Pavlovian information plays a key role in understanding impulsivity and hyperactivity. Here we set out to assess (1) the understudied relation between contextual Pavlovian inhibitory control and hyperactivity/impulsivity in adults with ADHD and (2) whether this inhibition can be enhanced by mindfulness based cognitive therapy (MBCT). METHODS: Within the framework of a randomized controlled trial 50 Adult ADHD patients were assessed before and after 8 weeks of treatment as usual (TAU) with (n = 24) or without (n = 26) MBCT. We employed a well-established behavioral Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer task that quantifies Pavlovian inhibitory control over instrumental behavior. RESULTS: Task results revealed (1) less aversive Pavlovian inhibition in ADHD patients with clinically relevant hyperactivity/impulsivity than in those without; and (2) enhanced Pavlovian inhibition across all ADHD patients after TAU+MBCT compared with TAU. CONCLUSION: These findings offer new insights in the neurocognitive mechanisms of hyperactivity/impulsivity in ADHD and its treatment: We reveal a role for Pavlovian inhibitory mechanisms in understanding hyperactive/impulsive behaviors in ADHD and point toward MBCT as an intervention that might influence these mechanisms. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-07-25 /pmc/articles/PMC9359138/ /pubmed/35957921 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2022.938082 Text en Copyright © 2022 Geurts, den Ouden, Janssen, Swart, Froböse, Cools and Speckens. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Neuroscience Geurts, Dirk E. M. den Ouden, Hanneke E. M. Janssen, Lotte Swart, Jennifer C. Froböse, Monja I. Cools, Roshan Speckens, Anne E. M. Aversive Pavlovian inhibition in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and its restoration by mindfulness-based cognitive therapy |
title | Aversive Pavlovian inhibition in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and its restoration by mindfulness-based cognitive therapy |
title_full | Aversive Pavlovian inhibition in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and its restoration by mindfulness-based cognitive therapy |
title_fullStr | Aversive Pavlovian inhibition in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and its restoration by mindfulness-based cognitive therapy |
title_full_unstemmed | Aversive Pavlovian inhibition in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and its restoration by mindfulness-based cognitive therapy |
title_short | Aversive Pavlovian inhibition in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and its restoration by mindfulness-based cognitive therapy |
title_sort | aversive pavlovian inhibition in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and its restoration by mindfulness-based cognitive therapy |
topic | Neuroscience |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9359138/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35957921 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2022.938082 |
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