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Exosomes in osteoarthritis: Updated insights on pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment
Osteoarthritis (OA) has remained a prevalent public health problem worldwide over the past decades. OA is a global challenge because its specific pathogenesis is unclear, and no effective disease-modifying drugs are currently available. Exosomes are small and single-membrane vesicles secreted via th...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9362859/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35959489 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2022.949690 |
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author | Fan, Wen-Jin Liu, Di Pan, Lin-Yuan Wang, Wei-Yang Ding, Yi-Lan Zhang, Yue-Yao Ye, Rui-Xi Zhou, Yang An, Sen-Bo Xiao, Wen-Feng |
author_facet | Fan, Wen-Jin Liu, Di Pan, Lin-Yuan Wang, Wei-Yang Ding, Yi-Lan Zhang, Yue-Yao Ye, Rui-Xi Zhou, Yang An, Sen-Bo Xiao, Wen-Feng |
author_sort | Fan, Wen-Jin |
collection | PubMed |
description | Osteoarthritis (OA) has remained a prevalent public health problem worldwide over the past decades. OA is a global challenge because its specific pathogenesis is unclear, and no effective disease-modifying drugs are currently available. Exosomes are small and single-membrane vesicles secreted via the formation of endocytic vesicles and multivesicular bodies (MVBs), which are eventually released when MVBs fuse with the plasma membrane. Exosomes contain various integral surface proteins derived from cells, intercellular proteins, DNAs, RNAs, amino acids, and metabolites. By transferring complex constituents and promoting macrophages to generate chemokines and proinflammatory cytokines, exosomes function in pathophysiological processes in OA, including local inflammation, cartilage calcification and degradation of osteoarthritic joints. Exosomes are also detected in synovial fluid and plasma, and their levels continuously change with OA progression. Thus, exosomes, specifically exosomal miRNAs and lncRNAs, potentially represent multicomponent diagnostic biomarkers for OA. Exosomes derived from various types of mesenchymal stem cells and other cell or tissue types affect angiogenesis, inflammation, and bone remodeling. These exosomes exhibit promising capabilities to restore OA cartilage, attenuate inflammation, and balance cartilage matrix formation and degradation, thus demonstrating therapeutic potential in OA. In combination with biocompatible and highly adhesive materials, such as hydrogels and cryogels, exosomes may facilitate cartilage tissue engineering therapies for OA. Based on numerous recent studies, we summarized the latent mechanisms and clinical value of exosomes in OA in this review. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9362859 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-93628592022-08-10 Exosomes in osteoarthritis: Updated insights on pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment Fan, Wen-Jin Liu, Di Pan, Lin-Yuan Wang, Wei-Yang Ding, Yi-Lan Zhang, Yue-Yao Ye, Rui-Xi Zhou, Yang An, Sen-Bo Xiao, Wen-Feng Front Cell Dev Biol Cell and Developmental Biology Osteoarthritis (OA) has remained a prevalent public health problem worldwide over the past decades. OA is a global challenge because its specific pathogenesis is unclear, and no effective disease-modifying drugs are currently available. Exosomes are small and single-membrane vesicles secreted via the formation of endocytic vesicles and multivesicular bodies (MVBs), which are eventually released when MVBs fuse with the plasma membrane. Exosomes contain various integral surface proteins derived from cells, intercellular proteins, DNAs, RNAs, amino acids, and metabolites. By transferring complex constituents and promoting macrophages to generate chemokines and proinflammatory cytokines, exosomes function in pathophysiological processes in OA, including local inflammation, cartilage calcification and degradation of osteoarthritic joints. Exosomes are also detected in synovial fluid and plasma, and their levels continuously change with OA progression. Thus, exosomes, specifically exosomal miRNAs and lncRNAs, potentially represent multicomponent diagnostic biomarkers for OA. Exosomes derived from various types of mesenchymal stem cells and other cell or tissue types affect angiogenesis, inflammation, and bone remodeling. These exosomes exhibit promising capabilities to restore OA cartilage, attenuate inflammation, and balance cartilage matrix formation and degradation, thus demonstrating therapeutic potential in OA. In combination with biocompatible and highly adhesive materials, such as hydrogels and cryogels, exosomes may facilitate cartilage tissue engineering therapies for OA. Based on numerous recent studies, we summarized the latent mechanisms and clinical value of exosomes in OA in this review. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-07-26 /pmc/articles/PMC9362859/ /pubmed/35959489 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2022.949690 Text en Copyright © 2022 Fan, Liu, Pan, Wang, Ding, Zhang, Ye, Zhou, An and Xiao. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Cell and Developmental Biology Fan, Wen-Jin Liu, Di Pan, Lin-Yuan Wang, Wei-Yang Ding, Yi-Lan Zhang, Yue-Yao Ye, Rui-Xi Zhou, Yang An, Sen-Bo Xiao, Wen-Feng Exosomes in osteoarthritis: Updated insights on pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment |
title | Exosomes in osteoarthritis: Updated insights on pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment |
title_full | Exosomes in osteoarthritis: Updated insights on pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment |
title_fullStr | Exosomes in osteoarthritis: Updated insights on pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment |
title_full_unstemmed | Exosomes in osteoarthritis: Updated insights on pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment |
title_short | Exosomes in osteoarthritis: Updated insights on pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment |
title_sort | exosomes in osteoarthritis: updated insights on pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment |
topic | Cell and Developmental Biology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9362859/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35959489 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2022.949690 |
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