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New insights into the criteria of functional heterozygosity of the Apis mellifera complementary sex determining gene–Discovery of a functional allele pair differing by a single amino acid

The complementary sex determiner (csd) gene is responsible for controlling the sex-determination molecular switch in western honey bees (Apis mellifera): bees that are heterozygous for csd develop into females, whereas bees that are hemizygous or homozygous develop into males. The homozygous diploid...

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Autores principales: Mroczek, Robert, Laszkiewicz, Agnieszka, Blazej, Pawel, Adamczyk-Weglarzy, Kinga, Niedbalska-Tarnowska, Joanna, Cebrat, Malgorzata
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9362917/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35944027
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271922
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author Mroczek, Robert
Laszkiewicz, Agnieszka
Blazej, Pawel
Adamczyk-Weglarzy, Kinga
Niedbalska-Tarnowska, Joanna
Cebrat, Malgorzata
author_facet Mroczek, Robert
Laszkiewicz, Agnieszka
Blazej, Pawel
Adamczyk-Weglarzy, Kinga
Niedbalska-Tarnowska, Joanna
Cebrat, Malgorzata
author_sort Mroczek, Robert
collection PubMed
description The complementary sex determiner (csd) gene is responsible for controlling the sex-determination molecular switch in western honey bees (Apis mellifera): bees that are heterozygous for csd develop into females, whereas bees that are hemizygous or homozygous develop into males. The homozygous diploid males are destroyed at an early stage of their development. It has been proposed that the minimal number of amino acid differences between two csd alleles needed to fully determine femaleness is five and it has also been shown that smaller differences may result in forming an evolutionary intermediate that is not fully capable of female determination, but has increased fitness compared to the homozygous genotype. In this study, we have implemented a terminal restriction length polymorphism-based method of identifying and distinguishing paternal alleles in a given bee colony and assigning them to a particular maternal allele in order to gather information on large number of functional csd pairs and also to identify, to some extent, genotypes that are underrepresented or absent in bee colonies. The main finding of this study is the identification of a fully functional genotype consisting of csd alleles that differed from each other by a one amino acid position. The individuals carrying this genotype expressed only female-specific transcripts of feminizer and double-sex genes. By comparing the sequences differences between the csd pair identified in our study with those described earlier, we conclude that functional heterozygosity of the csd gene is dependent not only on the number of the amino acid differences but also on the sequence context and position of the change. The discovery of a functional allele pair differing by a single amino acid also implies that the generation of a new csd specificity may also occur during a single mutation step with no need for evolutionary intermediates accumulating further mutations.
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spelling pubmed-93629172022-08-10 New insights into the criteria of functional heterozygosity of the Apis mellifera complementary sex determining gene–Discovery of a functional allele pair differing by a single amino acid Mroczek, Robert Laszkiewicz, Agnieszka Blazej, Pawel Adamczyk-Weglarzy, Kinga Niedbalska-Tarnowska, Joanna Cebrat, Malgorzata PLoS One Research Article The complementary sex determiner (csd) gene is responsible for controlling the sex-determination molecular switch in western honey bees (Apis mellifera): bees that are heterozygous for csd develop into females, whereas bees that are hemizygous or homozygous develop into males. The homozygous diploid males are destroyed at an early stage of their development. It has been proposed that the minimal number of amino acid differences between two csd alleles needed to fully determine femaleness is five and it has also been shown that smaller differences may result in forming an evolutionary intermediate that is not fully capable of female determination, but has increased fitness compared to the homozygous genotype. In this study, we have implemented a terminal restriction length polymorphism-based method of identifying and distinguishing paternal alleles in a given bee colony and assigning them to a particular maternal allele in order to gather information on large number of functional csd pairs and also to identify, to some extent, genotypes that are underrepresented or absent in bee colonies. The main finding of this study is the identification of a fully functional genotype consisting of csd alleles that differed from each other by a one amino acid position. The individuals carrying this genotype expressed only female-specific transcripts of feminizer and double-sex genes. By comparing the sequences differences between the csd pair identified in our study with those described earlier, we conclude that functional heterozygosity of the csd gene is dependent not only on the number of the amino acid differences but also on the sequence context and position of the change. The discovery of a functional allele pair differing by a single amino acid also implies that the generation of a new csd specificity may also occur during a single mutation step with no need for evolutionary intermediates accumulating further mutations. Public Library of Science 2022-08-09 /pmc/articles/PMC9362917/ /pubmed/35944027 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271922 Text en © 2022 Mroczek et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Mroczek, Robert
Laszkiewicz, Agnieszka
Blazej, Pawel
Adamczyk-Weglarzy, Kinga
Niedbalska-Tarnowska, Joanna
Cebrat, Malgorzata
New insights into the criteria of functional heterozygosity of the Apis mellifera complementary sex determining gene–Discovery of a functional allele pair differing by a single amino acid
title New insights into the criteria of functional heterozygosity of the Apis mellifera complementary sex determining gene–Discovery of a functional allele pair differing by a single amino acid
title_full New insights into the criteria of functional heterozygosity of the Apis mellifera complementary sex determining gene–Discovery of a functional allele pair differing by a single amino acid
title_fullStr New insights into the criteria of functional heterozygosity of the Apis mellifera complementary sex determining gene–Discovery of a functional allele pair differing by a single amino acid
title_full_unstemmed New insights into the criteria of functional heterozygosity of the Apis mellifera complementary sex determining gene–Discovery of a functional allele pair differing by a single amino acid
title_short New insights into the criteria of functional heterozygosity of the Apis mellifera complementary sex determining gene–Discovery of a functional allele pair differing by a single amino acid
title_sort new insights into the criteria of functional heterozygosity of the apis mellifera complementary sex determining gene–discovery of a functional allele pair differing by a single amino acid
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9362917/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35944027
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271922
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