Multi-objective economic emission dispatch of thermal power-electric vehicles considering user’s revenue

In recent years, the rapid development of electric vehicles has increased the load power system and brought new challenges to the safe and stable operation of the gird. Although the vehicle-to-grid technology can reduce the load that electric vehicles put on the grid, without any incentives, electric vehicle owners are more inclined not to use vehicle-to-grid services. In this paper, therefore, a new dynamic economic emission model based on electric vehicles (DEED_EV) is proposed to maximize the electric vehicle user’s revenue, as well as minimize the fuel cost and emission of the thermal power unit. In the DEED_EV model, the stochastic of electric vehicles user’s travel and wear of the battery, as well as some constraints such as electric vehicles charging/discharging rate and status, electric vehicles remain power, electric vehicles travel power capacity, ramp limits, up and down reserves, and the system balance are considered. To solve the DEED_EV model, a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition with a step-by-step constraint handling strategy is developed. Different test cases based on the 10-unit are simulated to verify the proposed model and method. The results show that the DEED_EV model not only encourages more electric vehicles to plug into the grid but also reduces the fuel cost and emission of the thermal power unit. Besides, the electric vehicles in the DEED_EV completely realizes the peak shaving and valley filling of the load.