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Review of Lung Particle Overload, Rat Lung Cancer, and the Conclusions of the Edinburgh Expert Panel—It's Time to Revisit Cancer Hazard Classifications for Titanium Dioxide and Carbon Black

Chronic inhalation of titanium dioxide or carbon black by rats at concentrations which overload lung particle clearance can result in lung cancer. Based on this rat lung response, IARC, NIOSH, and ECHA classified titanium dioxide, and IARC classified carbon black, as potential human carcinogens. The...

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Autor principal: Driscoll, Kevin E.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9366718/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35968415
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.907318
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author Driscoll, Kevin E.
author_facet Driscoll, Kevin E.
author_sort Driscoll, Kevin E.
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description Chronic inhalation of titanium dioxide or carbon black by rats at concentrations which overload lung particle clearance can result in lung cancer. Based on this rat lung response, IARC, NIOSH, and ECHA classified titanium dioxide, and IARC classified carbon black, as potential human carcinogens. These classifications have been questioned based on an extensive data base demonstrating: the rat lung cancer occurred only under conditions of extreme lung particle overload; the lung cancer response in rats has not been seen in other animal species; and studies in titanium dioxide and carbon black exposed human populations have not shown an increased incidence of cancer. In 2019 an international panel of science and regulatory experts was convened to document the state of the science on lung particle overload and rat lung cancer after exposure to poorly soluble low toxicity particles. Regarding hazard identification, the expert panel concluded, in the absence of supporting data from other species, lung particle overload-associated rat lung cancer does not imply a cancer hazard for humans. Regarding high to low dose extrapolation, the expert panel concluded rat lung tumors occurring only under conditions of lung particle overload are not relevant to humans exposed under non-overloading conditions. The conclusions of the Edinburgh Expert Panel directly conflict with IARC, ECHA and NIOSH's extrapolation of lung particle overload associated rat lung cancer to hazard for humans. The hazard classifications for titanium dioxide and carbon black inhalation should be assessed considering the state-of-the-science on lung particle overload and rat lung cancer.
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spelling pubmed-93667182022-08-12 Review of Lung Particle Overload, Rat Lung Cancer, and the Conclusions of the Edinburgh Expert Panel—It's Time to Revisit Cancer Hazard Classifications for Titanium Dioxide and Carbon Black Driscoll, Kevin E. Front Public Health Public Health Chronic inhalation of titanium dioxide or carbon black by rats at concentrations which overload lung particle clearance can result in lung cancer. Based on this rat lung response, IARC, NIOSH, and ECHA classified titanium dioxide, and IARC classified carbon black, as potential human carcinogens. These classifications have been questioned based on an extensive data base demonstrating: the rat lung cancer occurred only under conditions of extreme lung particle overload; the lung cancer response in rats has not been seen in other animal species; and studies in titanium dioxide and carbon black exposed human populations have not shown an increased incidence of cancer. In 2019 an international panel of science and regulatory experts was convened to document the state of the science on lung particle overload and rat lung cancer after exposure to poorly soluble low toxicity particles. Regarding hazard identification, the expert panel concluded, in the absence of supporting data from other species, lung particle overload-associated rat lung cancer does not imply a cancer hazard for humans. Regarding high to low dose extrapolation, the expert panel concluded rat lung tumors occurring only under conditions of lung particle overload are not relevant to humans exposed under non-overloading conditions. The conclusions of the Edinburgh Expert Panel directly conflict with IARC, ECHA and NIOSH's extrapolation of lung particle overload associated rat lung cancer to hazard for humans. The hazard classifications for titanium dioxide and carbon black inhalation should be assessed considering the state-of-the-science on lung particle overload and rat lung cancer. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-07-28 /pmc/articles/PMC9366718/ /pubmed/35968415 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.907318 Text en Copyright © 2022 Driscoll. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Public Health
Driscoll, Kevin E.
Review of Lung Particle Overload, Rat Lung Cancer, and the Conclusions of the Edinburgh Expert Panel—It's Time to Revisit Cancer Hazard Classifications for Titanium Dioxide and Carbon Black
title Review of Lung Particle Overload, Rat Lung Cancer, and the Conclusions of the Edinburgh Expert Panel—It's Time to Revisit Cancer Hazard Classifications for Titanium Dioxide and Carbon Black
title_full Review of Lung Particle Overload, Rat Lung Cancer, and the Conclusions of the Edinburgh Expert Panel—It's Time to Revisit Cancer Hazard Classifications for Titanium Dioxide and Carbon Black
title_fullStr Review of Lung Particle Overload, Rat Lung Cancer, and the Conclusions of the Edinburgh Expert Panel—It's Time to Revisit Cancer Hazard Classifications for Titanium Dioxide and Carbon Black
title_full_unstemmed Review of Lung Particle Overload, Rat Lung Cancer, and the Conclusions of the Edinburgh Expert Panel—It's Time to Revisit Cancer Hazard Classifications for Titanium Dioxide and Carbon Black
title_short Review of Lung Particle Overload, Rat Lung Cancer, and the Conclusions of the Edinburgh Expert Panel—It's Time to Revisit Cancer Hazard Classifications for Titanium Dioxide and Carbon Black
title_sort review of lung particle overload, rat lung cancer, and the conclusions of the edinburgh expert panel—it's time to revisit cancer hazard classifications for titanium dioxide and carbon black
topic Public Health
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9366718/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35968415
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.907318
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