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The Economic Burden of Chromosome Translocations and the Benefits of Enhanced Screening for Cattle Breeding

SIMPLE SUMMARY: The global cattle industry, dairy and beef, provides 81% of the world’s milk and 22% of its meat requirements. Milk production has more than doubled in the last 50 years, and there is increased focus on increasing production by more efficient, sustainable means. A key to this success...

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Autores principales: Lewis, Nicole M., Canedo-Ribeiro, Carla, Rathje, Claudia C., Jennings, Rebecca L., Danihel, Maxim, Bosman, Lisa M., Silvestri, Giuseppe, Griffin, Darren K.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9367566/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35953971
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12151982
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author Lewis, Nicole M.
Canedo-Ribeiro, Carla
Rathje, Claudia C.
Jennings, Rebecca L.
Danihel, Maxim
Bosman, Lisa M.
Silvestri, Giuseppe
Griffin, Darren K.
author_facet Lewis, Nicole M.
Canedo-Ribeiro, Carla
Rathje, Claudia C.
Jennings, Rebecca L.
Danihel, Maxim
Bosman, Lisa M.
Silvestri, Giuseppe
Griffin, Darren K.
author_sort Lewis, Nicole M.
collection PubMed
description SIMPLE SUMMARY: The global cattle industry, dairy and beef, provides 81% of the world’s milk and 22% of its meat requirements. Milk production has more than doubled in the last 50 years, and there is increased focus on increasing production by more efficient, sustainable means. A key to this success is the bull, which, if sub-fertile, can have a severe impact on costs and the environment. The leading cause of bull infertility is so called “RTs”, where large parts of the genome are translocated to other parts where they would not normally reside. The purpose of this study was to provide a framework for calculating the financial impact that an RT can have, and therefore the benefits of a screening programme to not using such bulls for breeding. We recently developed a novel method of RT screening, which we think detects at least three times as many compared to the traditional method. We calculated that the economic benefit of proactively screening (and therefore not using) a bull with an RT could be GBP 7.2 million pounds (nearly USD 9 million) per bull over six years. Our expanding knowledge of the incidence of genetic abnormalities and their associated costs to production support the decision of the cattle industry to use screening approaches to guard against the use of bulls with RTs. ABSTRACT: The cattle breeding industry, through both of its derivatives (dairy and beef), provides 81% of milk and 22% of meat required globally. If a breeding bull is sub-fertile, this impacts herd conception and birth rates, and it is generally accepted that having a proactive genetic screening programme can prevent further losses. Chromosome translocations are the leading genetic cause of infertility in livestock and, in cattle, this extends beyond the classical 1:29 to other Robertsonian translocations (RobTs) and to reciprocal translocations (RECTs). The incidence of both (collectively termed RTs) varies between breeds and herds; however, we estimate that RECTs are, most likely, at least twice as common as RobTs. The purpose of this study was to develop an industry economic model to estimate the financial impact of an RT event at the herd level. If we assume a conservative incidence rate of 0.4% for Rob1:29 with each one impacting the conception rate by 5%, we calculate that actively screening for and removing a Rob1:29 bull could benefit an impacted herd by GBP 2.3 million (approx. USD 2.8 million) over six years. A recently updated screening protocol developed in our lab for all RTs, however (with a projected combined incidence of 1.2%, impacting conception rates by 10%), could benefit an impacted herd by GBP 7.2 million (nearly USD 9 million) for each RT found. For an industry worth USD 827.4 billion (dairy) and USD 467.7 billion (beef), expanding knowledge on incidence and further dissection of the potential costs (financial and environmental) from RTs is essential to prevent further losses.
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spelling pubmed-93675662022-08-12 The Economic Burden of Chromosome Translocations and the Benefits of Enhanced Screening for Cattle Breeding Lewis, Nicole M. Canedo-Ribeiro, Carla Rathje, Claudia C. Jennings, Rebecca L. Danihel, Maxim Bosman, Lisa M. Silvestri, Giuseppe Griffin, Darren K. Animals (Basel) Article SIMPLE SUMMARY: The global cattle industry, dairy and beef, provides 81% of the world’s milk and 22% of its meat requirements. Milk production has more than doubled in the last 50 years, and there is increased focus on increasing production by more efficient, sustainable means. A key to this success is the bull, which, if sub-fertile, can have a severe impact on costs and the environment. The leading cause of bull infertility is so called “RTs”, where large parts of the genome are translocated to other parts where they would not normally reside. The purpose of this study was to provide a framework for calculating the financial impact that an RT can have, and therefore the benefits of a screening programme to not using such bulls for breeding. We recently developed a novel method of RT screening, which we think detects at least three times as many compared to the traditional method. We calculated that the economic benefit of proactively screening (and therefore not using) a bull with an RT could be GBP 7.2 million pounds (nearly USD 9 million) per bull over six years. Our expanding knowledge of the incidence of genetic abnormalities and their associated costs to production support the decision of the cattle industry to use screening approaches to guard against the use of bulls with RTs. ABSTRACT: The cattle breeding industry, through both of its derivatives (dairy and beef), provides 81% of milk and 22% of meat required globally. If a breeding bull is sub-fertile, this impacts herd conception and birth rates, and it is generally accepted that having a proactive genetic screening programme can prevent further losses. Chromosome translocations are the leading genetic cause of infertility in livestock and, in cattle, this extends beyond the classical 1:29 to other Robertsonian translocations (RobTs) and to reciprocal translocations (RECTs). The incidence of both (collectively termed RTs) varies between breeds and herds; however, we estimate that RECTs are, most likely, at least twice as common as RobTs. The purpose of this study was to develop an industry economic model to estimate the financial impact of an RT event at the herd level. If we assume a conservative incidence rate of 0.4% for Rob1:29 with each one impacting the conception rate by 5%, we calculate that actively screening for and removing a Rob1:29 bull could benefit an impacted herd by GBP 2.3 million (approx. USD 2.8 million) over six years. A recently updated screening protocol developed in our lab for all RTs, however (with a projected combined incidence of 1.2%, impacting conception rates by 10%), could benefit an impacted herd by GBP 7.2 million (nearly USD 9 million) for each RT found. For an industry worth USD 827.4 billion (dairy) and USD 467.7 billion (beef), expanding knowledge on incidence and further dissection of the potential costs (financial and environmental) from RTs is essential to prevent further losses. MDPI 2022-08-05 /pmc/articles/PMC9367566/ /pubmed/35953971 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12151982 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Lewis, Nicole M.
Canedo-Ribeiro, Carla
Rathje, Claudia C.
Jennings, Rebecca L.
Danihel, Maxim
Bosman, Lisa M.
Silvestri, Giuseppe
Griffin, Darren K.
The Economic Burden of Chromosome Translocations and the Benefits of Enhanced Screening for Cattle Breeding
title The Economic Burden of Chromosome Translocations and the Benefits of Enhanced Screening for Cattle Breeding
title_full The Economic Burden of Chromosome Translocations and the Benefits of Enhanced Screening for Cattle Breeding
title_fullStr The Economic Burden of Chromosome Translocations and the Benefits of Enhanced Screening for Cattle Breeding
title_full_unstemmed The Economic Burden of Chromosome Translocations and the Benefits of Enhanced Screening for Cattle Breeding
title_short The Economic Burden of Chromosome Translocations and the Benefits of Enhanced Screening for Cattle Breeding
title_sort economic burden of chromosome translocations and the benefits of enhanced screening for cattle breeding
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9367566/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35953971
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12151982
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