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The Role of Novel Bladder Cancer Diagnostic and Surveillance Biomarkers—What Should a Urologist Really Know?

The aim of this review is to analyze and describe the current landscape of bladder cancer diagnostic and surveillance biomarkers. We researched the literature from 2016 to November 2021 to find the most promising new molecules and divided them into seven different subgroups based on their function a...

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Autores principales: Malinaric, Rafaela, Mantica, Guglielmo, Lo Monaco, Lorenzo, Mariano, Federico, Leonardi, Rosario, Simonato, Alchiede, Van der Merwe, André, Terrone, Carlo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9368399/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35955004
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159648
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author Malinaric, Rafaela
Mantica, Guglielmo
Lo Monaco, Lorenzo
Mariano, Federico
Leonardi, Rosario
Simonato, Alchiede
Van der Merwe, André
Terrone, Carlo
author_facet Malinaric, Rafaela
Mantica, Guglielmo
Lo Monaco, Lorenzo
Mariano, Federico
Leonardi, Rosario
Simonato, Alchiede
Van der Merwe, André
Terrone, Carlo
author_sort Malinaric, Rafaela
collection PubMed
description The aim of this review is to analyze and describe the current landscape of bladder cancer diagnostic and surveillance biomarkers. We researched the literature from 2016 to November 2021 to find the most promising new molecules and divided them into seven different subgroups based on their function and location in the cell. Although cystoscopy and cytology are still the gold standard for diagnosis and surveillance when it comes to bladder cancer (BCa), their cost is quite a burden for national health systems worldwide. Currently, the research is focused on finding a biomarker that has high negative predictive value (NPV) and can exclude with a certainty the presence of the tumor, considering missing it could be disastrous for the patient. Every subgroup has its own advantages and disadvantages; for example, protein biomarkers cost less than genomic ones, but on the other hand, they seem to be less precise. We tried to simplify this complicated topic as much as possible in order to make it comprehensible to doctors and urologists that are not as familiar with it, as well as encourage them to actively participate in ongoing research.
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spelling pubmed-93683992022-08-12 The Role of Novel Bladder Cancer Diagnostic and Surveillance Biomarkers—What Should a Urologist Really Know? Malinaric, Rafaela Mantica, Guglielmo Lo Monaco, Lorenzo Mariano, Federico Leonardi, Rosario Simonato, Alchiede Van der Merwe, André Terrone, Carlo Int J Environ Res Public Health Review The aim of this review is to analyze and describe the current landscape of bladder cancer diagnostic and surveillance biomarkers. We researched the literature from 2016 to November 2021 to find the most promising new molecules and divided them into seven different subgroups based on their function and location in the cell. Although cystoscopy and cytology are still the gold standard for diagnosis and surveillance when it comes to bladder cancer (BCa), their cost is quite a burden for national health systems worldwide. Currently, the research is focused on finding a biomarker that has high negative predictive value (NPV) and can exclude with a certainty the presence of the tumor, considering missing it could be disastrous for the patient. Every subgroup has its own advantages and disadvantages; for example, protein biomarkers cost less than genomic ones, but on the other hand, they seem to be less precise. We tried to simplify this complicated topic as much as possible in order to make it comprehensible to doctors and urologists that are not as familiar with it, as well as encourage them to actively participate in ongoing research. MDPI 2022-08-05 /pmc/articles/PMC9368399/ /pubmed/35955004 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159648 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Malinaric, Rafaela
Mantica, Guglielmo
Lo Monaco, Lorenzo
Mariano, Federico
Leonardi, Rosario
Simonato, Alchiede
Van der Merwe, André
Terrone, Carlo
The Role of Novel Bladder Cancer Diagnostic and Surveillance Biomarkers—What Should a Urologist Really Know?
title The Role of Novel Bladder Cancer Diagnostic and Surveillance Biomarkers—What Should a Urologist Really Know?
title_full The Role of Novel Bladder Cancer Diagnostic and Surveillance Biomarkers—What Should a Urologist Really Know?
title_fullStr The Role of Novel Bladder Cancer Diagnostic and Surveillance Biomarkers—What Should a Urologist Really Know?
title_full_unstemmed The Role of Novel Bladder Cancer Diagnostic and Surveillance Biomarkers—What Should a Urologist Really Know?
title_short The Role of Novel Bladder Cancer Diagnostic and Surveillance Biomarkers—What Should a Urologist Really Know?
title_sort role of novel bladder cancer diagnostic and surveillance biomarkers—what should a urologist really know?
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9368399/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35955004
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159648
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