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Prenatal Effects of Nicotine on Obesity Risks: A Narrative Review
Nicotine usage by mothers throughout pregnancy has been observed to relate to numerous deleterious effects in children, especially relating to obesity. Children who have prenatally been exposed to nicotine tend to have lower birth weights, with an elevated risk of becoming overweight throughout deve...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9368674/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35954830 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159477 |
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author | White, Olivia Roeder, Nicole Blum, Kenneth Eiden, Rina D. Thanos, Panayotis K. |
author_facet | White, Olivia Roeder, Nicole Blum, Kenneth Eiden, Rina D. Thanos, Panayotis K. |
author_sort | White, Olivia |
collection | PubMed |
description | Nicotine usage by mothers throughout pregnancy has been observed to relate to numerous deleterious effects in children, especially relating to obesity. Children who have prenatally been exposed to nicotine tend to have lower birth weights, with an elevated risk of becoming overweight throughout development and into their adolescent and adult life. There are numerous theories as to how this occurs: catch-up growth theory, thrifty phenotype theory, neurotransmitter or endocrine imbalances theory, and a more recent examination on the genetic factors relating to obesity risk. In addition to the negative effect on bodyweight and BMI, individuals with obesity may also suffer from numerous comorbidities involving metabolic disease. These may include type 1 and 2 diabetes, high cholesterol levels, and liver disease. Predisposition for obesity with nicotine usage may also be associated with genetic risk alleles for obesity, such as the DRD2 A1 variant. This is important for prenatally nicotine-exposed individuals as an opportunity to provide early prevention and intervention of obesity-related risks. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9368674 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-93686742022-08-12 Prenatal Effects of Nicotine on Obesity Risks: A Narrative Review White, Olivia Roeder, Nicole Blum, Kenneth Eiden, Rina D. Thanos, Panayotis K. Int J Environ Res Public Health Review Nicotine usage by mothers throughout pregnancy has been observed to relate to numerous deleterious effects in children, especially relating to obesity. Children who have prenatally been exposed to nicotine tend to have lower birth weights, with an elevated risk of becoming overweight throughout development and into their adolescent and adult life. There are numerous theories as to how this occurs: catch-up growth theory, thrifty phenotype theory, neurotransmitter or endocrine imbalances theory, and a more recent examination on the genetic factors relating to obesity risk. In addition to the negative effect on bodyweight and BMI, individuals with obesity may also suffer from numerous comorbidities involving metabolic disease. These may include type 1 and 2 diabetes, high cholesterol levels, and liver disease. Predisposition for obesity with nicotine usage may also be associated with genetic risk alleles for obesity, such as the DRD2 A1 variant. This is important for prenatally nicotine-exposed individuals as an opportunity to provide early prevention and intervention of obesity-related risks. MDPI 2022-08-02 /pmc/articles/PMC9368674/ /pubmed/35954830 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159477 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review White, Olivia Roeder, Nicole Blum, Kenneth Eiden, Rina D. Thanos, Panayotis K. Prenatal Effects of Nicotine on Obesity Risks: A Narrative Review |
title | Prenatal Effects of Nicotine on Obesity Risks: A Narrative Review |
title_full | Prenatal Effects of Nicotine on Obesity Risks: A Narrative Review |
title_fullStr | Prenatal Effects of Nicotine on Obesity Risks: A Narrative Review |
title_full_unstemmed | Prenatal Effects of Nicotine on Obesity Risks: A Narrative Review |
title_short | Prenatal Effects of Nicotine on Obesity Risks: A Narrative Review |
title_sort | prenatal effects of nicotine on obesity risks: a narrative review |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9368674/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35954830 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159477 |
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