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Evolutionary Insight into Immunothrombosis as a Healing Mechanism
Both invertebrates and vertebrates possess a cluster of immediate and local wound-sealing, pathogen-killing, and tissue healing responses known as immunoclotting and immunothrombosis, respectively, to cope with two life-threatening emergencies, namely, bleeding and microbial invasion. Despite their...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9368803/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35955499 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23158346 |
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author | Anitua, Eduardo Prado, Roberto Padilla, Sabino |
author_facet | Anitua, Eduardo Prado, Roberto Padilla, Sabino |
author_sort | Anitua, Eduardo |
collection | PubMed |
description | Both invertebrates and vertebrates possess a cluster of immediate and local wound-sealing, pathogen-killing, and tissue healing responses known as immunoclotting and immunothrombosis, respectively, to cope with two life-threatening emergencies, namely, bleeding and microbial invasion. Despite their convergence in function, immunoclotting and immunothrombosis are deployed by different blood cells and intravascular multidomain proteins. In vertebrates, these proteins share some domains with intrinsic chemical affinities useful in generating cooperative networks such as pathogen and damage pattern recognition molecules. Moreover, many of the proteins involved in coagulation and fibrinolysis in humans are multifunctional molecules playing roles in other processes from inflammation to healing and beyond. In our modern society, however, the interaction of activated intravascular allosteric proteins with one another and with blood cells entails vulnerabilities posing a biological paradox: intravascular proteins that locally operate as tissue repair enhancers can nevertheless generate pathogenic processes by acting systemically. In this manuscript, we contextualize and frame the coagulation system and hemostasis through an evolutionary time scale, illustrating their role as dual players in the defense against exsanguination and pathogens while significantly influencing wound healing. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9368803 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-93688032022-08-12 Evolutionary Insight into Immunothrombosis as a Healing Mechanism Anitua, Eduardo Prado, Roberto Padilla, Sabino Int J Mol Sci Opinion Both invertebrates and vertebrates possess a cluster of immediate and local wound-sealing, pathogen-killing, and tissue healing responses known as immunoclotting and immunothrombosis, respectively, to cope with two life-threatening emergencies, namely, bleeding and microbial invasion. Despite their convergence in function, immunoclotting and immunothrombosis are deployed by different blood cells and intravascular multidomain proteins. In vertebrates, these proteins share some domains with intrinsic chemical affinities useful in generating cooperative networks such as pathogen and damage pattern recognition molecules. Moreover, many of the proteins involved in coagulation and fibrinolysis in humans are multifunctional molecules playing roles in other processes from inflammation to healing and beyond. In our modern society, however, the interaction of activated intravascular allosteric proteins with one another and with blood cells entails vulnerabilities posing a biological paradox: intravascular proteins that locally operate as tissue repair enhancers can nevertheless generate pathogenic processes by acting systemically. In this manuscript, we contextualize and frame the coagulation system and hemostasis through an evolutionary time scale, illustrating their role as dual players in the defense against exsanguination and pathogens while significantly influencing wound healing. MDPI 2022-07-28 /pmc/articles/PMC9368803/ /pubmed/35955499 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23158346 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Opinion Anitua, Eduardo Prado, Roberto Padilla, Sabino Evolutionary Insight into Immunothrombosis as a Healing Mechanism |
title | Evolutionary Insight into Immunothrombosis as a Healing Mechanism |
title_full | Evolutionary Insight into Immunothrombosis as a Healing Mechanism |
title_fullStr | Evolutionary Insight into Immunothrombosis as a Healing Mechanism |
title_full_unstemmed | Evolutionary Insight into Immunothrombosis as a Healing Mechanism |
title_short | Evolutionary Insight into Immunothrombosis as a Healing Mechanism |
title_sort | evolutionary insight into immunothrombosis as a healing mechanism |
topic | Opinion |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9368803/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35955499 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23158346 |
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