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Pharmaceutical Cocrystals of Ethenzamide: Molecular Structure Analysis Based on Vibrational Spectra and DFT Calculations
Pharmaceutical cocrystals can offer another advanced strategy for drug preparation and development and can facilitate improvements to the physicochemical properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) without altering their chemical structures and corresponding pharmacological activities. Th...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9369141/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35955684 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23158550 |
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author | Wan, Mei Fang, Jiyuan Xue, Jiadan Liu, Jianjun Qin, Jianyuan Hong, Zhi Li, Jiusheng Du, Yong |
author_facet | Wan, Mei Fang, Jiyuan Xue, Jiadan Liu, Jianjun Qin, Jianyuan Hong, Zhi Li, Jiusheng Du, Yong |
author_sort | Wan, Mei |
collection | PubMed |
description | Pharmaceutical cocrystals can offer another advanced strategy for drug preparation and development and can facilitate improvements to the physicochemical properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) without altering their chemical structures and corresponding pharmacological activities. Therefore, cocrystals show a great deal of potential in the development and research of drugs. In this work, pharmaceutical cocrystals of ethenzamide (ETZ) with 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid (26DHBA), 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (24DHBA) and gallic acid (GA) were synthesized by the solvent evaporation method. In order to gain a deeper understanding of the structural changes after ETZ cocrystallization, terahertz time domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) and Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize the single starting samples, corresponding physical mixtures and the cocrystals. In addition, the possible molecular structures of ETZ-GA, ETZ-26DHBA and ETZ-24DHBA cocrystals were optimized by density functional theory (DFT). The results of THz and Raman spectra with the DFT simulations for the three cocrystals revealed that the ETZ-GA cocrystal formed an O−H∙∙∙O hydrogen bond between the -OH of GA and oxygen of the amide group of the ETZ molecule, and it was also found that ETZ formed a dimer through a supramolecular amide–amide homosynthon; meanwhile, the ETZ-26DHBA cocrystal was formed by a powerful supramolecular acid–amide heterosynthon, and the ETZ-24DHBA cocrystal formed the O−H∙∙∙O hydrogen bond between the 4-hydroxy group of 24DHBA and oxygen of the amide group of the ETZ molecule. It could be seen that in the molecular structure analysis of the three cocrystals, the position and number of hydroxyl groups in the coformers play an essential role in guiding the formation of specific supramolecular synthons. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9369141 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-93691412022-08-12 Pharmaceutical Cocrystals of Ethenzamide: Molecular Structure Analysis Based on Vibrational Spectra and DFT Calculations Wan, Mei Fang, Jiyuan Xue, Jiadan Liu, Jianjun Qin, Jianyuan Hong, Zhi Li, Jiusheng Du, Yong Int J Mol Sci Article Pharmaceutical cocrystals can offer another advanced strategy for drug preparation and development and can facilitate improvements to the physicochemical properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) without altering their chemical structures and corresponding pharmacological activities. Therefore, cocrystals show a great deal of potential in the development and research of drugs. In this work, pharmaceutical cocrystals of ethenzamide (ETZ) with 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid (26DHBA), 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (24DHBA) and gallic acid (GA) were synthesized by the solvent evaporation method. In order to gain a deeper understanding of the structural changes after ETZ cocrystallization, terahertz time domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) and Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize the single starting samples, corresponding physical mixtures and the cocrystals. In addition, the possible molecular structures of ETZ-GA, ETZ-26DHBA and ETZ-24DHBA cocrystals were optimized by density functional theory (DFT). The results of THz and Raman spectra with the DFT simulations for the three cocrystals revealed that the ETZ-GA cocrystal formed an O−H∙∙∙O hydrogen bond between the -OH of GA and oxygen of the amide group of the ETZ molecule, and it was also found that ETZ formed a dimer through a supramolecular amide–amide homosynthon; meanwhile, the ETZ-26DHBA cocrystal was formed by a powerful supramolecular acid–amide heterosynthon, and the ETZ-24DHBA cocrystal formed the O−H∙∙∙O hydrogen bond between the 4-hydroxy group of 24DHBA and oxygen of the amide group of the ETZ molecule. It could be seen that in the molecular structure analysis of the three cocrystals, the position and number of hydroxyl groups in the coformers play an essential role in guiding the formation of specific supramolecular synthons. MDPI 2022-08-01 /pmc/articles/PMC9369141/ /pubmed/35955684 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23158550 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Wan, Mei Fang, Jiyuan Xue, Jiadan Liu, Jianjun Qin, Jianyuan Hong, Zhi Li, Jiusheng Du, Yong Pharmaceutical Cocrystals of Ethenzamide: Molecular Structure Analysis Based on Vibrational Spectra and DFT Calculations |
title | Pharmaceutical Cocrystals of Ethenzamide: Molecular Structure Analysis Based on Vibrational Spectra and DFT Calculations |
title_full | Pharmaceutical Cocrystals of Ethenzamide: Molecular Structure Analysis Based on Vibrational Spectra and DFT Calculations |
title_fullStr | Pharmaceutical Cocrystals of Ethenzamide: Molecular Structure Analysis Based on Vibrational Spectra and DFT Calculations |
title_full_unstemmed | Pharmaceutical Cocrystals of Ethenzamide: Molecular Structure Analysis Based on Vibrational Spectra and DFT Calculations |
title_short | Pharmaceutical Cocrystals of Ethenzamide: Molecular Structure Analysis Based on Vibrational Spectra and DFT Calculations |
title_sort | pharmaceutical cocrystals of ethenzamide: molecular structure analysis based on vibrational spectra and dft calculations |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9369141/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35955684 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23158550 |
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