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Effect of Undernutrition and Obesity on Clinical Outcomes in Adults with Community-Acquired Pneumonia

Malnutrition comprises two groups of conditions: undernutrition and overweight or obesity. It has been associated with a high risk of contracting infectious diseases and with elevated mortality rates. Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is one of the most common infectious diseases worldwide and its...

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Autores principales: Viasus, Diego, Pérez-Vergara, Valentina, Carratalà, Jordi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9370638/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35956411
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14153235
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author Viasus, Diego
Pérez-Vergara, Valentina
Carratalà, Jordi
author_facet Viasus, Diego
Pérez-Vergara, Valentina
Carratalà, Jordi
author_sort Viasus, Diego
collection PubMed
description Malnutrition comprises two groups of conditions: undernutrition and overweight or obesity. It has been associated with a high risk of contracting infectious diseases and with elevated mortality rates. Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is one of the most common infectious diseases worldwide and its prognosis is affected by a large number of recognizable risk factors. This narrative review updates the information on the impact of malnutrition, including both undernutrition and obesity, on the risk and prognosis of adults with CAP. Studies of CAP that have evaluated undernutrition have applied a variety of definitions when assessing the nutritional status of patients. Undernutrition has been associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes, such as prolonged hospital stay, need for intensive care unit admission, and mortality; in contrast, most published studies have found that increased body mass index is significantly associated with higher survival in patients with CAP. However, some authors have presented divergent results, mainly in relation to the etiology of CAP (bacterial versus viral). Influenza infection, caused by influenza A (H1N1) pdm09, has been associated with worse prognosis in obese patients. The current data underscore the need for larger studies to examine the physiological mechanisms that explain the differential impact of malnutrition on outcomes. Achieving a better understanding may help to guide the design of new interventions to improve prognosis.
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spelling pubmed-93706382022-08-12 Effect of Undernutrition and Obesity on Clinical Outcomes in Adults with Community-Acquired Pneumonia Viasus, Diego Pérez-Vergara, Valentina Carratalà, Jordi Nutrients Review Malnutrition comprises two groups of conditions: undernutrition and overweight or obesity. It has been associated with a high risk of contracting infectious diseases and with elevated mortality rates. Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is one of the most common infectious diseases worldwide and its prognosis is affected by a large number of recognizable risk factors. This narrative review updates the information on the impact of malnutrition, including both undernutrition and obesity, on the risk and prognosis of adults with CAP. Studies of CAP that have evaluated undernutrition have applied a variety of definitions when assessing the nutritional status of patients. Undernutrition has been associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes, such as prolonged hospital stay, need for intensive care unit admission, and mortality; in contrast, most published studies have found that increased body mass index is significantly associated with higher survival in patients with CAP. However, some authors have presented divergent results, mainly in relation to the etiology of CAP (bacterial versus viral). Influenza infection, caused by influenza A (H1N1) pdm09, has been associated with worse prognosis in obese patients. The current data underscore the need for larger studies to examine the physiological mechanisms that explain the differential impact of malnutrition on outcomes. Achieving a better understanding may help to guide the design of new interventions to improve prognosis. MDPI 2022-08-07 /pmc/articles/PMC9370638/ /pubmed/35956411 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14153235 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Viasus, Diego
Pérez-Vergara, Valentina
Carratalà, Jordi
Effect of Undernutrition and Obesity on Clinical Outcomes in Adults with Community-Acquired Pneumonia
title Effect of Undernutrition and Obesity on Clinical Outcomes in Adults with Community-Acquired Pneumonia
title_full Effect of Undernutrition and Obesity on Clinical Outcomes in Adults with Community-Acquired Pneumonia
title_fullStr Effect of Undernutrition and Obesity on Clinical Outcomes in Adults with Community-Acquired Pneumonia
title_full_unstemmed Effect of Undernutrition and Obesity on Clinical Outcomes in Adults with Community-Acquired Pneumonia
title_short Effect of Undernutrition and Obesity on Clinical Outcomes in Adults with Community-Acquired Pneumonia
title_sort effect of undernutrition and obesity on clinical outcomes in adults with community-acquired pneumonia
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9370638/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35956411
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14153235
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