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Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins Exert a Neuroprotective Effect by Regulating Microglial M1/M2 Polarisation in Rats with Spinal Cord Injury

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a highly disabling disorder for which few effective treatments are available. Grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSPs) are polyphenolic compounds with various biological activities. In our preliminary experiment, GSP promoted functional recovery in rats with SCI, but the mecha...

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Autores principales: Liu, Wen-zhao, Ma, Zhan-jun, Kang, Ji-he, Lin, Ai-xin, Wang, Zhao-heng, Chen, Hai-wei, Guo, Xu-dong, He, Xue-gang, Kang, Xue-wen
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9371824/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35966334
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2579003
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author Liu, Wen-zhao
Ma, Zhan-jun
Kang, Ji-he
Lin, Ai-xin
Wang, Zhao-heng
Chen, Hai-wei
Guo, Xu-dong
He, Xue-gang
Kang, Xue-wen
author_facet Liu, Wen-zhao
Ma, Zhan-jun
Kang, Ji-he
Lin, Ai-xin
Wang, Zhao-heng
Chen, Hai-wei
Guo, Xu-dong
He, Xue-gang
Kang, Xue-wen
author_sort Liu, Wen-zhao
collection PubMed
description Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a highly disabling disorder for which few effective treatments are available. Grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSPs) are polyphenolic compounds with various biological activities. In our preliminary experiment, GSP promoted functional recovery in rats with SCI, but the mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, we explored the protective effects of GSP on SCI and its possible underlying mechanisms. We found that GSP promoted locomotor recovery, reduced neuronal apoptosis, increased neuronal preservation, and regulated microglial polarisation in vivo. We also performed in vitro studies to verify the effects of GSP on neuronal protection and microglial polarisation and their potential mechanisms. We found that GSP regulated microglial polarisation and inhibited apoptosis in PC12 cells induced by M1-BV2 cells through the Toll-like receptor 4- (TLR4-) mediated nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/serine threonine kinase (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathways. This suggests that GSP regulates microglial polarisation and prevents neuronal apoptosis, possibly by the TLR4-mediated NF-κB and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways.
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spelling pubmed-93718242022-08-12 Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins Exert a Neuroprotective Effect by Regulating Microglial M1/M2 Polarisation in Rats with Spinal Cord Injury Liu, Wen-zhao Ma, Zhan-jun Kang, Ji-he Lin, Ai-xin Wang, Zhao-heng Chen, Hai-wei Guo, Xu-dong He, Xue-gang Kang, Xue-wen Mediators Inflamm Research Article Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a highly disabling disorder for which few effective treatments are available. Grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSPs) are polyphenolic compounds with various biological activities. In our preliminary experiment, GSP promoted functional recovery in rats with SCI, but the mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, we explored the protective effects of GSP on SCI and its possible underlying mechanisms. We found that GSP promoted locomotor recovery, reduced neuronal apoptosis, increased neuronal preservation, and regulated microglial polarisation in vivo. We also performed in vitro studies to verify the effects of GSP on neuronal protection and microglial polarisation and their potential mechanisms. We found that GSP regulated microglial polarisation and inhibited apoptosis in PC12 cells induced by M1-BV2 cells through the Toll-like receptor 4- (TLR4-) mediated nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/serine threonine kinase (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathways. This suggests that GSP regulates microglial polarisation and prevents neuronal apoptosis, possibly by the TLR4-mediated NF-κB and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. Hindawi 2022-08-04 /pmc/articles/PMC9371824/ /pubmed/35966334 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2579003 Text en Copyright © 2022 Wen-zhao Liu et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Liu, Wen-zhao
Ma, Zhan-jun
Kang, Ji-he
Lin, Ai-xin
Wang, Zhao-heng
Chen, Hai-wei
Guo, Xu-dong
He, Xue-gang
Kang, Xue-wen
Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins Exert a Neuroprotective Effect by Regulating Microglial M1/M2 Polarisation in Rats with Spinal Cord Injury
title Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins Exert a Neuroprotective Effect by Regulating Microglial M1/M2 Polarisation in Rats with Spinal Cord Injury
title_full Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins Exert a Neuroprotective Effect by Regulating Microglial M1/M2 Polarisation in Rats with Spinal Cord Injury
title_fullStr Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins Exert a Neuroprotective Effect by Regulating Microglial M1/M2 Polarisation in Rats with Spinal Cord Injury
title_full_unstemmed Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins Exert a Neuroprotective Effect by Regulating Microglial M1/M2 Polarisation in Rats with Spinal Cord Injury
title_short Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins Exert a Neuroprotective Effect by Regulating Microglial M1/M2 Polarisation in Rats with Spinal Cord Injury
title_sort grape seed proanthocyanidins exert a neuroprotective effect by regulating microglial m1/m2 polarisation in rats with spinal cord injury
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9371824/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35966334
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2579003
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