Cargando…

What Role Do Inflammatory Cytokines Play in Cancer Cachexia?

A tumor extends its effects beyond its local site, and one such effect is cancer cachexia which is caused by a state of systemic inflammation in response to cancer. Though the prominent effect of cancer cachexia is seen on skeletal muscles, it shows deterioration in other organs’ smooth muscle, adip...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Malla, Jyothirmai, Zahra, Anam, Venugopal, Sathish, Selvamani, Tharun Yadhav, Shoukrie, Shoukrie I, Selvaraj, Ramaneshwar, Dhanoa, Ravneet K, Hamouda, Ranim K, Mostafa, Jihan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Cureus 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9372379/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35971351
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.26798
_version_ 1784767368229027840
author Malla, Jyothirmai
Zahra, Anam
Venugopal, Sathish
Selvamani, Tharun Yadhav
Shoukrie, Shoukrie I
Selvaraj, Ramaneshwar
Dhanoa, Ravneet K
Hamouda, Ranim K
Mostafa, Jihan
author_facet Malla, Jyothirmai
Zahra, Anam
Venugopal, Sathish
Selvamani, Tharun Yadhav
Shoukrie, Shoukrie I
Selvaraj, Ramaneshwar
Dhanoa, Ravneet K
Hamouda, Ranim K
Mostafa, Jihan
author_sort Malla, Jyothirmai
collection PubMed
description A tumor extends its effects beyond its local site, and one such effect is cancer cachexia which is caused by a state of systemic inflammation in response to cancer. Though the prominent effect of cancer cachexia is seen on skeletal muscles, it shows deterioration in other organs’ smooth muscle, adipose tissue, blood, bone marrow, liver, and immunity. Interleukin (IL)-6 plays an imminent role along with tissue necrosis factor-alpha, IL-1 beta, interferon-gamma, myostatin, adiponectin, growth differentiation factor-15, activin A, etc. These cytokines through nuclear factor-kappa beta, mitogen-activated protein kinase, suppressor of mothers against decapentaplegic, and Janus activated kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway activate genes inducing ubiquitin-proteosome system and reactive oxidative species. Apart from these, they participate in causing anemia and immunosuppression. Adipose tissue acts as a source of cytokines and place of action of cytokines leading to lipolysis. Moreover, these cytokines act at the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis change metabolism and add to anorexia which already exists in cancer patients. The involvement of multiple cytokines necessitates the development and testing of anti-cytokines in combinations.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-9372379
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2022
publisher Cureus
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-93723792022-08-14 What Role Do Inflammatory Cytokines Play in Cancer Cachexia? Malla, Jyothirmai Zahra, Anam Venugopal, Sathish Selvamani, Tharun Yadhav Shoukrie, Shoukrie I Selvaraj, Ramaneshwar Dhanoa, Ravneet K Hamouda, Ranim K Mostafa, Jihan Cureus Internal Medicine A tumor extends its effects beyond its local site, and one such effect is cancer cachexia which is caused by a state of systemic inflammation in response to cancer. Though the prominent effect of cancer cachexia is seen on skeletal muscles, it shows deterioration in other organs’ smooth muscle, adipose tissue, blood, bone marrow, liver, and immunity. Interleukin (IL)-6 plays an imminent role along with tissue necrosis factor-alpha, IL-1 beta, interferon-gamma, myostatin, adiponectin, growth differentiation factor-15, activin A, etc. These cytokines through nuclear factor-kappa beta, mitogen-activated protein kinase, suppressor of mothers against decapentaplegic, and Janus activated kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway activate genes inducing ubiquitin-proteosome system and reactive oxidative species. Apart from these, they participate in causing anemia and immunosuppression. Adipose tissue acts as a source of cytokines and place of action of cytokines leading to lipolysis. Moreover, these cytokines act at the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis change metabolism and add to anorexia which already exists in cancer patients. The involvement of multiple cytokines necessitates the development and testing of anti-cytokines in combinations. Cureus 2022-07-12 /pmc/articles/PMC9372379/ /pubmed/35971351 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.26798 Text en Copyright © 2022, Malla et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Internal Medicine
Malla, Jyothirmai
Zahra, Anam
Venugopal, Sathish
Selvamani, Tharun Yadhav
Shoukrie, Shoukrie I
Selvaraj, Ramaneshwar
Dhanoa, Ravneet K
Hamouda, Ranim K
Mostafa, Jihan
What Role Do Inflammatory Cytokines Play in Cancer Cachexia?
title What Role Do Inflammatory Cytokines Play in Cancer Cachexia?
title_full What Role Do Inflammatory Cytokines Play in Cancer Cachexia?
title_fullStr What Role Do Inflammatory Cytokines Play in Cancer Cachexia?
title_full_unstemmed What Role Do Inflammatory Cytokines Play in Cancer Cachexia?
title_short What Role Do Inflammatory Cytokines Play in Cancer Cachexia?
title_sort what role do inflammatory cytokines play in cancer cachexia?
topic Internal Medicine
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9372379/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35971351
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.26798
work_keys_str_mv AT mallajyothirmai whatroledoinflammatorycytokinesplayincancercachexia
AT zahraanam whatroledoinflammatorycytokinesplayincancercachexia
AT venugopalsathish whatroledoinflammatorycytokinesplayincancercachexia
AT selvamanitharunyadhav whatroledoinflammatorycytokinesplayincancercachexia
AT shoukrieshoukriei whatroledoinflammatorycytokinesplayincancercachexia
AT selvarajramaneshwar whatroledoinflammatorycytokinesplayincancercachexia
AT dhanoaravneetk whatroledoinflammatorycytokinesplayincancercachexia
AT hamoudaranimk whatroledoinflammatorycytokinesplayincancercachexia
AT mostafajihan whatroledoinflammatorycytokinesplayincancercachexia