Differential Maturation of Auditory Cortex Activity in Young Children with Autism and Typical Development

Maturation of auditory cortex neural encoding processes was assessed in children with typical development (TD) and autism. Children 6–9 years old were enrolled at Time 1 (T1), with follow-up data obtained ~ 18 months later at Time 2 (T2), and ~ 36 months later at Time 3 (T3). Findings suggested an initial period of rapid auditory cortex maturation in autism, earlier than TD (prior to and surrounding the T1 exam), followed by a period of faster maturation in TD than autism (T1-T3). As a result of group maturation differences, post-stimulus group differences were observed at T1 but not T3. In contrast, stronger pre-stimulus activity in autism than TD was found at all time points, indicating this brain measure is stable across time. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10803-022-05696-8.