Inadequate emergence after anesthesia for elective cancer surgery: a single-center cohort study

BACKGROUND: Inadequate emergence after anesthesia (IEA) is a common phenomenon in adult patients undergoing anesthesia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and determinants of IEA for elective cancer surgery, and to study its influence on the quality of recovery. METHODS: In this observational, prospective study, 148 patients scheduled for elective cancer surgery were included. IEA was considered for patients having emergence delirium or hypoactive emergence applying The Richmond Agitation and Sedation Scale (RASS) 10 minutes after admission at PACU. Postoperative Quality of Recovery Scale (PQRS) was used at baseline and after surgery at minutes 15 (T15) and 40 (T40), and days 1 (D1) and 3 (D3). RESULTS: Of the 148 patients, 48 (32%) had IEA. Complete recovery at PQRS was less frequent in patients with IEA on physiological domain at T15 and D1, and activities of daily living domain at D3. Patients with IEA recovered more frequently in emotive domain at T15, T40, and D3. Determinants of IEA were age, risk of surgery, congestive heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, ASA physical status, RCRI score, and duration of anesthesia. IEA patients had more frequently postoperative delirium and stayed for longer at PACU and at the hospital. CONCLUSION: IEA was a common phenomenon after anesthesia for elective curative surgery for cancer. Patients with IEA were older and had more comorbidities and a higher surgical risk. Patients with IEA had a less frequent complete recovery on the PD and in AD domains, and a more frequent complete recovery on the ED.