Evaluation of dexmedetomidine anesthesia-related temperature changes: preliminary retrospective observational study

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Dexmedetomidine is a potent adrenergic alpha-2 agonist, and analgesic, sedative, anxiolytic and sympatholytic. Given there have been reports of dexmedetomidine associated temperature changes, in which these events have been associated with complications, our objective was to describe both temperature increase and decrease, during the intra and postoperative period (initial 24 hours), and factors associated, in patients who received dexmedetomidine for anesthesia/sedation in the surgical suite. METHOD: Retrospective observational study, analyzing charts of patients ≥ 18 years submitted to anesthesia/sedation with dexmedetomidine, between 1/1/2017 and 31/12/2017. Upper temperature threshold was considered ≥ 37.8 °C, and lower, < 35 °C. The association with dexmedetomidine was assessed by the OMS/UMC causality system and by the Naranjo algorithm. RESULTS: The sample included 42 patients who received dexmedetomidine and whose temperature data were available, with predominance of men 26 (62%), 49.4/16.5 years old (mean/standard deviation), and weight 65/35.8 kg. None of the patients presented intraoperative temperature equal to or above 37.8 °C or below 35 °C. During the postoperative period, one patient presented an increase ≥ 37.8 °C (2.4%) and three, temperature decrease < 35 °C (7%). Surgery/anesthesia time and exposure time to dexmedetomidine were not appropriate linear predictors of maximum temperature. Older age (p < 0.01), longer exposure to dexmedetomidine (p < 0.05) and shorter surgery time (p < 0.01) were significant linear predictors for lower minimum temperature. CONCLUSIONS: Increase ≥ 37.8 °C/decrease < 35 °C of temperature possibly associated with dexmedetomidine did not occur in the intraoperative period and had a low frequency during the postoperative period.