Residual neuromuscular blockade and late neuromuscular blockade at the post-anesthetic recovery unit: prospective cohort study

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The use of neuromuscular blockers during surgery represented a landmark for anesthesiology. However, their use can prompt residual Neuromuscular Blockade ((R)NMB) and objective monitoring of neuromuscular function is crucial to warrant the recovery of muscle strength. The present study aimed to estimate the incidence of (R)NMB and late Neuromuscular Blockade ((L)NMB) at the Post-Anesthetic Recovery Unit (PACU). METHOD: The study included 85 patients, 43 of which received cisatracurium and 42 of which, rocuronium. The depth of the Neuromuscular Blockade (NMB) was assessed by Train Of Four (TOF). NMB reversal was performed with the administration of neostigmine and atropine.(R)NMB was defined when a patient presented TOF below 90% at the PACU. RESULTS: (R)NMB at the PACU was diagnosed in 39.5% and 40.5% of the patients receiving cisatracurium and rocuronium, respectively (p = 1.0). (L)NMB at the PACU was found in 32.6% and 16.7% of the patients receiving cisatracurium and rocuronium, respectively (p = 0.131). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of(R)NMB remains significant despite the use of intermediate-acting neuromuscular blockers and reversal agents. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of (R)NMB or (L)NMB in patients receiving cisatracurium or rocuronium. The use of objective NMB monitoring is effective for the diagnosis of (R)NMB, as well as for treatment management.