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Assessment of SARS-CoV-2-Infected Patients and Their Clinical Outcomes During the Third Wave in India: A Single-Center Observational Study
Background The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) that emerged from the Chinese mainland has spread throughout the world affecting the normal lives of the people. Both developed and developing nations have been equally affected and coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) resulted...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Cureus
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9373877/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35971342 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.26807 |
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author | Shahapur, Praveen R Shahapur, Roopa Kandi, Venkataramana Suvvari, Tarun Kumar Vadakedath, Sabitha |
author_facet | Shahapur, Praveen R Shahapur, Roopa Kandi, Venkataramana Suvvari, Tarun Kumar Vadakedath, Sabitha |
author_sort | Shahapur, Praveen R |
collection | PubMed |
description | Background The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) that emerged from the Chinese mainland has spread throughout the world affecting the normal lives of the people. Both developed and developing nations have been equally affected and coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) resulted in the death of millions of people worldwide. The virus is undergoing mutations and is evolving into variants that are responsible for wave after wave. This study was carried out to assess the clinical outcomes of people infected with the novel virus during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in India. Methods The study was carried out between November 2021 and January 2022 and included 100 consecutive patients attending the hospital attached to the BLDE (Deemed to be University) Shri B.M. Patil Medical College, Bijapur, Karnataka, South India. All patients included in the study returned a positive report in a real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The patient details collected included age, sex, cycle threshold (Ct) values for envelope (E)/nucleocapsid (N), and Orf1b (open reading frame 1b) genes, hospitalization status, vaccine status, C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and final clinical outcome. The data were entered into Microsoft Office Excel sheets, and statistical inferences were drawn using SPSS 24 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results Of the 100 patients included in the study, only 14 (14%) patients were vaccinated. The patient's mean age was 34.22±17.50. Among the vaccinated patients, the majority had taken COVISHIELD™ (85.71%) compared to COVAXIN(®) (14.29%). Only 14% of patients were symptomatic, and the mean Ct values among all the patients were 29.92±3.74 (E gene/N gene) and 27.6±4.78 (Orf1B gene). Eight (8%) patients were hospitalized, and all the patients recovered from the infection. Among the hospitalized patients, six (75%) were vaccinated. The mean age of the hospitalized patients was 43.8±14.25 years. The mean CRP, D-dimer, and IL-6 concentrations among the hospitalized patients were noted to be 22.375±16.58 mg/L, 654.325±577.24 ng/mL, and 5.075±2.15 ng/mL, respectively. Conclusion The study results demonstrate that despite unvaccinated status, most patients in the third wave had only suffered from asymptomatic infection. Moreover, people who developed a clinical infection and those who required hospitalization had an uneventful recovery irrespective of their vaccination status. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9373877 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Cureus |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-93738772022-08-14 Assessment of SARS-CoV-2-Infected Patients and Their Clinical Outcomes During the Third Wave in India: A Single-Center Observational Study Shahapur, Praveen R Shahapur, Roopa Kandi, Venkataramana Suvvari, Tarun Kumar Vadakedath, Sabitha Cureus Infectious Disease Background The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) that emerged from the Chinese mainland has spread throughout the world affecting the normal lives of the people. Both developed and developing nations have been equally affected and coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) resulted in the death of millions of people worldwide. The virus is undergoing mutations and is evolving into variants that are responsible for wave after wave. This study was carried out to assess the clinical outcomes of people infected with the novel virus during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in India. Methods The study was carried out between November 2021 and January 2022 and included 100 consecutive patients attending the hospital attached to the BLDE (Deemed to be University) Shri B.M. Patil Medical College, Bijapur, Karnataka, South India. All patients included in the study returned a positive report in a real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The patient details collected included age, sex, cycle threshold (Ct) values for envelope (E)/nucleocapsid (N), and Orf1b (open reading frame 1b) genes, hospitalization status, vaccine status, C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and final clinical outcome. The data were entered into Microsoft Office Excel sheets, and statistical inferences were drawn using SPSS 24 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results Of the 100 patients included in the study, only 14 (14%) patients were vaccinated. The patient's mean age was 34.22±17.50. Among the vaccinated patients, the majority had taken COVISHIELD™ (85.71%) compared to COVAXIN(®) (14.29%). Only 14% of patients were symptomatic, and the mean Ct values among all the patients were 29.92±3.74 (E gene/N gene) and 27.6±4.78 (Orf1B gene). Eight (8%) patients were hospitalized, and all the patients recovered from the infection. Among the hospitalized patients, six (75%) were vaccinated. The mean age of the hospitalized patients was 43.8±14.25 years. The mean CRP, D-dimer, and IL-6 concentrations among the hospitalized patients were noted to be 22.375±16.58 mg/L, 654.325±577.24 ng/mL, and 5.075±2.15 ng/mL, respectively. Conclusion The study results demonstrate that despite unvaccinated status, most patients in the third wave had only suffered from asymptomatic infection. Moreover, people who developed a clinical infection and those who required hospitalization had an uneventful recovery irrespective of their vaccination status. Cureus 2022-07-13 /pmc/articles/PMC9373877/ /pubmed/35971342 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.26807 Text en Copyright © 2022, Shahapur et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Infectious Disease Shahapur, Praveen R Shahapur, Roopa Kandi, Venkataramana Suvvari, Tarun Kumar Vadakedath, Sabitha Assessment of SARS-CoV-2-Infected Patients and Their Clinical Outcomes During the Third Wave in India: A Single-Center Observational Study |
title | Assessment of SARS-CoV-2-Infected Patients and Their Clinical Outcomes During the Third Wave in India: A Single-Center Observational Study |
title_full | Assessment of SARS-CoV-2-Infected Patients and Their Clinical Outcomes During the Third Wave in India: A Single-Center Observational Study |
title_fullStr | Assessment of SARS-CoV-2-Infected Patients and Their Clinical Outcomes During the Third Wave in India: A Single-Center Observational Study |
title_full_unstemmed | Assessment of SARS-CoV-2-Infected Patients and Their Clinical Outcomes During the Third Wave in India: A Single-Center Observational Study |
title_short | Assessment of SARS-CoV-2-Infected Patients and Their Clinical Outcomes During the Third Wave in India: A Single-Center Observational Study |
title_sort | assessment of sars-cov-2-infected patients and their clinical outcomes during the third wave in india: a single-center observational study |
topic | Infectious Disease |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9373877/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35971342 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.26807 |
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