Tumor-Like Brain Lesions Associated With Variants of Uncertain Significance Compared to Previous Studies: A Case Report

TREX1 is a gene that encodes an exonuclease on the C-terminal strand at the 3 ́ end for DNA repair. Multiple syndromes associated with the alteration of this gene have been described, focusing in this case on retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukodystrophy (RVCL). We present the case of a 44-year-old female patient with a familial history of cerebral pseudotumors. At the time of diagnosis, the patient presented weakness in the lower limbs and dysesthesias of the right body at the beginning of the clinical picture, without visual alterations or retinal changes at fundus examination. A cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study showed a pseudotumoral lesion at the inferior frontal gyrus with a report of a choline peak in spectroscopy, ring enhancement in contrasted T1 sequence, and apparent central necrosis. A molecular study shows a mutation in c2136G>A, c.799dup, and c.5312A>G related to genes expressing PDE6A, TREX1, and VCAN proteins, respectively, mutations that have not been previously reported.