Functional and structural characteristics of HLA-B*13:01-mediated specific T cells reaction in dapsone-induced drug hypersensitivity

BACKGROUND: Severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions (SCARs) are a group of serious clinical conditions caused by immune reaction to certain drugs. The allelic variance of human leukocyte antigens of HLA-B*13:01 has been strongly associated with hypersensitivities induced by dapsone (DDS). T-cell receptor mediated activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) has also been suggested to play an essential role in pathogenesis of SCARs. However, HLA-B*13:01-DDS-TCR immune synapse that plays role in drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS) associated T cells activation remains uncharacterized. METHODS: To investigate the molecular mechanisms for HLA-B*13:01 in the pathogenesis of Dapsone-induced drug hypersensitivity (DDS-DIHS), we performed crystallization and expanded drug-specific CTLs to analyze the pathological role of DDS-DIHS. RESULTS: Results showed the crystal structure of HLA-B*13:01-beta-2-microglobulin (β2M) complex at 1.5 Å resolution and performed mutation assays demonstrating that I118 or I119, and R121 of HLA-B*13:01 were the key residues that mediate the binding of DDS. Subsequent single-cell TCR and RNA sequencing indicated that TCRs composed of paired TRAV12-3/TRBV28 clonotype with shared CDR3 region specifically recognize HLA-B*13:01-DDS complex to trigger inflammatory cytokines associated with DDS-DIHS. CONCLUSION: Our study identified the novel p-i-HLA/TCR as the model of interaction between HLA-B*13:01, DDS and the clonotype-specific TCR in DDS-DIHS. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: [Image: see text] SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12929-022-00845-8.