COVID-19 vaccine-induced Recurrence of the Radiation Recall Phenomenon in the Laryngeal Mucosa Due to a VEGF Inhibitor

PURPOSE: The radiation recall phenomenon (RRP) is a rare and unexpected late complication of radiation therapy (RT). Although predominantly in the skin, RRP of the upper respiratory tract has also been reported. In general, RRP is caused by anticancer agents, and the COVID-19 vaccine has also been reported to cause RRP in recent years. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A 50-year-old woman who had received RT around the larynx 3 years prior and was receiving a docetaxel + ramucirumab (RAM) regimen experienced recurrent sore throat. The administration of RAM was discontinued after a gastroscopic examination revealed mucosal bleeding from around the larynx, which was thought to be RRP caused by RAM, a vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor. RESULTS: After the remission of the RRP, the patient received a COVID-19 vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech). Five days later, the appearance of cough and recurrence of sore throat worsened with time, and marked stridor was observed. The patient was admitted, and steroid pulse therapy was administered for 3 days starting on day 18 after vaccination. On day 50 after vaccination, edema of the vocal cords improved. CONCLUSIONS: When administering COVID-19 vaccines, considering that these vaccines may cause RRP is important, because RRP can be fatal in patients with a history of RT in the laryngeal region and treated with vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors.