Pulmonary Carcinosarcoma: A Rare Disease With Challenging Diagnosis and Treatment

Pulmonary carcinosarcoma (PCS) is a rare type of non-small cell cancer. Overall, middle-aged and older smokers are the most affected age and sex groups. The diagnosis of PCS is difficult due to the absence of characteristic imaging findings. Additionally, preoperative biopsies do not usually reflect the heterologous nature of this tumor. Given the rarity of such tumors and the challenging diagnosis, the prognostic factors have not been established, and the overall prognosis remains poor. The valid therapeutic options are still limited. Here, we report a rare case of metastatic PCS that was accidentally discovered by imaging and properly diagnosed after surgical resection. The clinicopathological features, diagnostic tools, genetic theories, prognosis, and therapeutic options of this rare cancer are also discussed.