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Correlation between human development index and its components with COVID-19 indices: a global level ecologic study
BACKGROUND: Given that COVID-19 continues to spread worldwide, attempts to restrain the virus and to prevent the effects that critically ill patients with COVID-19 have on healthcare systems, has become a public health priority. This ecological study aimed to investigate the correlation between the...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9376577/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35971079 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13698-5 |
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author | Mirahmadizadeh, Alireza Ghelichi-Ghojogh, Mousa Vali, Mohebat Jokari, Kimia Ghaem, Haleh Hemmati, Abdolrasool Jafari, Fatemeh Dehghani, Seyed Sina Hassani, Amir Hossein Jafari, Alireza Rezaei, Fatemeh |
author_facet | Mirahmadizadeh, Alireza Ghelichi-Ghojogh, Mousa Vali, Mohebat Jokari, Kimia Ghaem, Haleh Hemmati, Abdolrasool Jafari, Fatemeh Dehghani, Seyed Sina Hassani, Amir Hossein Jafari, Alireza Rezaei, Fatemeh |
author_sort | Mirahmadizadeh, Alireza |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Given that COVID-19 continues to spread worldwide, attempts to restrain the virus and to prevent the effects that critically ill patients with COVID-19 have on healthcare systems, has become a public health priority. This ecological study aimed to investigate the correlation between the Human Development Index (HDI) and the epidemiological indicators of COVID-19, including the cumulative incidence rate of cases, the cumulative incidence rate of death, performed COVID-19 tests per million, recovery rate, and case fatality rate. METHODS: In this ecological study, a data set was provided, which included the epidemiologic indices of COVID-19, HDI, and its components for each country. Correlation coefficients were used to determine linear correlation. Also, the scatter plots of the HDI for the studied countries based on the epidemiologic indices of COVID-19 were drawn. RESULTS: This study showed that HDI and its components had positive correlation with a cumulative incidence rate of cases, the cumulative incidence rate of death, and performed COVID-19 tests (p < 0.001). HDI and two of its components, including literacy and Gross National Income (GNI) components had negative correlation with case fatality rate (CFR). Also, HDI and two of its components, including literacy and life expectancy components had negative correlation with recovery rate. CONCLUSION: Our study showed that the HDI and its components can affect the epidemiological status of COVID-19. As HDI increased, the cumulative incidence rate of cases, cumulative incidence rate of death, and COVID-19 tests increased as well. As HDI increased, CFR and recovery rate decreased as well. Although the HDI is higher in high-income countries, these countries may have also better reporting and surveillance systems. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9376577 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-93765772022-08-15 Correlation between human development index and its components with COVID-19 indices: a global level ecologic study Mirahmadizadeh, Alireza Ghelichi-Ghojogh, Mousa Vali, Mohebat Jokari, Kimia Ghaem, Haleh Hemmati, Abdolrasool Jafari, Fatemeh Dehghani, Seyed Sina Hassani, Amir Hossein Jafari, Alireza Rezaei, Fatemeh BMC Public Health Research BACKGROUND: Given that COVID-19 continues to spread worldwide, attempts to restrain the virus and to prevent the effects that critically ill patients with COVID-19 have on healthcare systems, has become a public health priority. This ecological study aimed to investigate the correlation between the Human Development Index (HDI) and the epidemiological indicators of COVID-19, including the cumulative incidence rate of cases, the cumulative incidence rate of death, performed COVID-19 tests per million, recovery rate, and case fatality rate. METHODS: In this ecological study, a data set was provided, which included the epidemiologic indices of COVID-19, HDI, and its components for each country. Correlation coefficients were used to determine linear correlation. Also, the scatter plots of the HDI for the studied countries based on the epidemiologic indices of COVID-19 were drawn. RESULTS: This study showed that HDI and its components had positive correlation with a cumulative incidence rate of cases, the cumulative incidence rate of death, and performed COVID-19 tests (p < 0.001). HDI and two of its components, including literacy and Gross National Income (GNI) components had negative correlation with case fatality rate (CFR). Also, HDI and two of its components, including literacy and life expectancy components had negative correlation with recovery rate. CONCLUSION: Our study showed that the HDI and its components can affect the epidemiological status of COVID-19. As HDI increased, the cumulative incidence rate of cases, cumulative incidence rate of death, and COVID-19 tests increased as well. As HDI increased, CFR and recovery rate decreased as well. Although the HDI is higher in high-income countries, these countries may have also better reporting and surveillance systems. BioMed Central 2022-08-15 /pmc/articles/PMC9376577/ /pubmed/35971079 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13698-5 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Mirahmadizadeh, Alireza Ghelichi-Ghojogh, Mousa Vali, Mohebat Jokari, Kimia Ghaem, Haleh Hemmati, Abdolrasool Jafari, Fatemeh Dehghani, Seyed Sina Hassani, Amir Hossein Jafari, Alireza Rezaei, Fatemeh Correlation between human development index and its components with COVID-19 indices: a global level ecologic study |
title | Correlation between human development index and its components with COVID-19 indices: a global level ecologic study |
title_full | Correlation between human development index and its components with COVID-19 indices: a global level ecologic study |
title_fullStr | Correlation between human development index and its components with COVID-19 indices: a global level ecologic study |
title_full_unstemmed | Correlation between human development index and its components with COVID-19 indices: a global level ecologic study |
title_short | Correlation between human development index and its components with COVID-19 indices: a global level ecologic study |
title_sort | correlation between human development index and its components with covid-19 indices: a global level ecologic study |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9376577/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35971079 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13698-5 |
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