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Hepatogenous diabetes: Knowledge, evidence, and skepticism
The diabetogenic potential of liver cirrhosis (LC) has been known for a long time, and the name "hepatogenous diabetes" (HD) was coined in 1906 to define the condition. Diabetes mellitus (DM) that develops as a consequence of LC is referred to as HD. In patients with LC, the prevalence rat...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc
2022
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9376767/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36158904 http://dx.doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v14.i7.1291 |
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author | Kumar, Ramesh García-Compeán, Diego Maji, Tanmoy |
author_facet | Kumar, Ramesh García-Compeán, Diego Maji, Tanmoy |
author_sort | Kumar, Ramesh |
collection | PubMed |
description | The diabetogenic potential of liver cirrhosis (LC) has been known for a long time, and the name "hepatogenous diabetes" (HD) was coined in 1906 to define the condition. Diabetes mellitus (DM) that develops as a consequence of LC is referred to as HD. In patients with LC, the prevalence rates of HD have been reported to vary from 21% to 57%. The pathophysiological basis of HD seems to involve insulin resistance (IR) and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. The neurohormonal changes, endotoxemia, and chronic inflammation of LC initially create IR; however, the toxic effects eventually lead to β-cell dysfunction, which marks the transition from impaired glucose tolerance to HD. In addition, a number of factors, including sarcopenia, sarcopenic obesity, gut dysbiosis, and hyperammonemia, have recently been linked to impaired glucose metabolism in LC. DM is associated with complications and poor outcomes in patients with LC, although the individual impact of each type 2 DM and HD is unknown due to a lack of categorization of diabetes in most published research. In fact, there is much skepticism within scientific organizations over the recognition of HD as a separate disease and a consequence of LC. Currently, T2DM and HD are being treated in a similar manner although no standardized guidelines are available. The different pathophysiological basis of HD may have an impact on treatment options. This review article discusses the existence of HD as a distinct entity with high prevalence rates, a strong pathophysiological basis, clinical and therapeutic implications, as well as widespread skepticism and knowledge gaps. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9376767 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Baishideng Publishing Group Inc |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-93767672022-09-23 Hepatogenous diabetes: Knowledge, evidence, and skepticism Kumar, Ramesh García-Compeán, Diego Maji, Tanmoy World J Hepatol Review The diabetogenic potential of liver cirrhosis (LC) has been known for a long time, and the name "hepatogenous diabetes" (HD) was coined in 1906 to define the condition. Diabetes mellitus (DM) that develops as a consequence of LC is referred to as HD. In patients with LC, the prevalence rates of HD have been reported to vary from 21% to 57%. The pathophysiological basis of HD seems to involve insulin resistance (IR) and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. The neurohormonal changes, endotoxemia, and chronic inflammation of LC initially create IR; however, the toxic effects eventually lead to β-cell dysfunction, which marks the transition from impaired glucose tolerance to HD. In addition, a number of factors, including sarcopenia, sarcopenic obesity, gut dysbiosis, and hyperammonemia, have recently been linked to impaired glucose metabolism in LC. DM is associated with complications and poor outcomes in patients with LC, although the individual impact of each type 2 DM and HD is unknown due to a lack of categorization of diabetes in most published research. In fact, there is much skepticism within scientific organizations over the recognition of HD as a separate disease and a consequence of LC. Currently, T2DM and HD are being treated in a similar manner although no standardized guidelines are available. The different pathophysiological basis of HD may have an impact on treatment options. This review article discusses the existence of HD as a distinct entity with high prevalence rates, a strong pathophysiological basis, clinical and therapeutic implications, as well as widespread skepticism and knowledge gaps. Baishideng Publishing Group Inc 2022-07-27 2022-07-27 /pmc/articles/PMC9376767/ /pubmed/36158904 http://dx.doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v14.i7.1291 Text en ©The Author(s) 2022. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. |
spellingShingle | Review Kumar, Ramesh García-Compeán, Diego Maji, Tanmoy Hepatogenous diabetes: Knowledge, evidence, and skepticism |
title | Hepatogenous diabetes: Knowledge, evidence, and skepticism |
title_full | Hepatogenous diabetes: Knowledge, evidence, and skepticism |
title_fullStr | Hepatogenous diabetes: Knowledge, evidence, and skepticism |
title_full_unstemmed | Hepatogenous diabetes: Knowledge, evidence, and skepticism |
title_short | Hepatogenous diabetes: Knowledge, evidence, and skepticism |
title_sort | hepatogenous diabetes: knowledge, evidence, and skepticism |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9376767/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36158904 http://dx.doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v14.i7.1291 |
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