Case report: Bladder preserving after maximal transurethral resection of the bladder tumor combined with chemotherapy and immunotherapy in recurrent muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients: A report of two cases

BACKGROUND: Cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with radical cystectomy (RC) plus pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) is the preferred treatment option for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). However, some patients are unable to tolerate RC or may have postoperative complications after RC. And most patients have a strong desire for bladder-preserving treatment. There are no reports on the efficacy of maximal transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TURBT) in combination with chemotherapy plus tislelizumab for bladder-preserving in recurrent MIBC patients. CASE PRESENTATION: We report two cases diagnosed with recurrent MIBC who achieved pathological complete response (pCR) and bladder-preserving after maximal TURBT combined with chemotherapy plus tislelizumab. CONCLUSION: Postoperative immunotherapy should be considered for all patients with recurrent MIBC who are eligible for immunotherapy. In addition, high programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression, high tumor mutation burden (TMB), and TP53 mutation level can be combined to predict tislelizumab efficacy.