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Function matters: Coronavirus cross-binding antibodies do not cross-neutralize

BACKGROUND: During the current pandemic, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) neutralization capacity of the immunoglobulin (IG) supply has changed from undetectable for lots manufactured from plasma collected before the pandemic, to now highly potent. OBJECTIVE: As antib...

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Autores principales: Farcet, Maria R., Schwaiger, Julia, Karbiener, Michael, Kreil, Thomas R.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9378960/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35983096
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.924426
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author Farcet, Maria R.
Schwaiger, Julia
Karbiener, Michael
Kreil, Thomas R.
author_facet Farcet, Maria R.
Schwaiger, Julia
Karbiener, Michael
Kreil, Thomas R.
author_sort Farcet, Maria R.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: During the current pandemic, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) neutralization capacity of the immunoglobulin (IG) supply has changed from undetectable for lots manufactured from plasma collected before the pandemic, to now highly potent. OBJECTIVE: As antibodies induced by exposure to or vaccination against coronaviruses were shown to be cross-coronavirus reactive, it was of interest to understand whether SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies would result in increased functional IG potency also against seasonal coronaviruses. METHODS: IG lots from US plasma collected before SARS-CoV-2 emerged and collected during the pandemic were analyzed by live virus neutralization assay for SARS-CoV-2 and seasonal human coronaviruses (HCoVs) NL63 and OC43 neutralizing antibody content. RESULTS: Pre-pandemic IG showed no SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody titers. However, IG lots produced from plasma of post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) individuals exhibited robust anti-SARS-CoV-2 potency (1,267 IU/ml) which further increased ~4-fold in pandemic IG lots reaching a mean titer of 5,122 IU/ml. Nonetheless, neutralizing antibody potencies to the HCoVs NL63 and OC43 remained stable over this period, i.e., have not increased correspondingly. CONCLUSION: The present results show that cross-coronavirus-reactive antibodies are not cross-neutralizing, i.e., SARS-CoV-2 antibodies do not neutralize seasonal coronaviruses NL63 and OC43.
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spelling pubmed-93789602022-08-17 Function matters: Coronavirus cross-binding antibodies do not cross-neutralize Farcet, Maria R. Schwaiger, Julia Karbiener, Michael Kreil, Thomas R. Front Med (Lausanne) Medicine BACKGROUND: During the current pandemic, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) neutralization capacity of the immunoglobulin (IG) supply has changed from undetectable for lots manufactured from plasma collected before the pandemic, to now highly potent. OBJECTIVE: As antibodies induced by exposure to or vaccination against coronaviruses were shown to be cross-coronavirus reactive, it was of interest to understand whether SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies would result in increased functional IG potency also against seasonal coronaviruses. METHODS: IG lots from US plasma collected before SARS-CoV-2 emerged and collected during the pandemic were analyzed by live virus neutralization assay for SARS-CoV-2 and seasonal human coronaviruses (HCoVs) NL63 and OC43 neutralizing antibody content. RESULTS: Pre-pandemic IG showed no SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody titers. However, IG lots produced from plasma of post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) individuals exhibited robust anti-SARS-CoV-2 potency (1,267 IU/ml) which further increased ~4-fold in pandemic IG lots reaching a mean titer of 5,122 IU/ml. Nonetheless, neutralizing antibody potencies to the HCoVs NL63 and OC43 remained stable over this period, i.e., have not increased correspondingly. CONCLUSION: The present results show that cross-coronavirus-reactive antibodies are not cross-neutralizing, i.e., SARS-CoV-2 antibodies do not neutralize seasonal coronaviruses NL63 and OC43. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-08-02 /pmc/articles/PMC9378960/ /pubmed/35983096 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.924426 Text en Copyright © 2022 Farcet, Schwaiger, Karbiener and Kreil. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Medicine
Farcet, Maria R.
Schwaiger, Julia
Karbiener, Michael
Kreil, Thomas R.
Function matters: Coronavirus cross-binding antibodies do not cross-neutralize
title Function matters: Coronavirus cross-binding antibodies do not cross-neutralize
title_full Function matters: Coronavirus cross-binding antibodies do not cross-neutralize
title_fullStr Function matters: Coronavirus cross-binding antibodies do not cross-neutralize
title_full_unstemmed Function matters: Coronavirus cross-binding antibodies do not cross-neutralize
title_short Function matters: Coronavirus cross-binding antibodies do not cross-neutralize
title_sort function matters: coronavirus cross-binding antibodies do not cross-neutralize
topic Medicine
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9378960/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35983096
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.924426
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