Epileptic seizure–related changes in electrocorticogram, cortical temperature, and cerebral hemodynamics obtained via an implantable multimodal multichannel probe during preoperative monitoring: illustrative case

BACKGROUND: Electrocorticography (EcoG) plays an essential role in the preoperative evaluation of epilepsy, despite its high invasiveness. Brain temperature and cerebral hemodynamics also reflect brain activity. This study examined whether a multimodal multichannel probe that simultaneously records EcoG, cortical temperature, and cerebral hemodynamics can contribute to improving the assessment of epileptic seizures. After preoperative monitoring was performed in a patient with epilepsy, three generalized seizures and two focal seizures were observed. OBSERVATIONS: A short-term power increase in the alternating current spectrogram, high-amplitude slow waves in direct current potential, an increase in cortical temperature, an increase in oxyhemoglobin (HbO(2)) concentration and total hemoglobin (HbT) concentration, and a decrease in deoxyhemoglobin (HHb) concentration, followed by a decrease in HbO(2) and HbT concentrations and an increase in HHb concentration, were observed in generalized seizures. However, no changes in these pathophysiological signals were observed in focal seizures. LESSONS: Seizure-related changes regarding generalized seizures were consistent with the results of previous studies. The results of generalized and focal seizures indicate that epileptic brain activity propagated from the epileptic focus in the right frontal lobe to the measurement area near the motor cortex in generalized seizures but not in focal seizures.