A study of bioactive glass–ceramic's mechanical properties, apatite formation, and medical applications

Apparently, bioactive glass–ceramics are made by doing a number of steps, such as creating a microstructure from dispersed crystals within the residual glass, which provides high bending strength, and apatite crystallizes on surfaces of glass–ceramics when calcium ions are present in the blood. Apatite crystals grow on the glass and ceramic surfaces due to the hydrated silica. These materials are biocompatible with living bone in a matter of weeks, don't weaken mechanically or histologically, and exhibit good osteointegration as well as mechanical properties that are therapeutically relevant, such as fracture toughness and flexural strength. As part of this study, we examined mechanical properties, process mechanisms involved in apatite formation, and potential applications for bioactive glass–ceramic in orthopedic surgery, including load-bearing devices.