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Chemical and microbial characterization of sugarcane mill mud for soil applications

Sugarcane mill mud/filter cake is an activated sludge-like byproduct from the clarifier of a raw sugar production factory, where cane juice is heated to ≈90°C for 1–2 hr, after the removal of bagasse. Mill mud is enriched with organic carbon, nitrogen, and nutrient minerals; no prior report utilized...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Uchimiya, Minori, Hay, Anthony G., LeBlanc, Jeffrey
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9380943/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35972931
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0272013
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author Uchimiya, Minori
Hay, Anthony G.
LeBlanc, Jeffrey
author_facet Uchimiya, Minori
Hay, Anthony G.
LeBlanc, Jeffrey
author_sort Uchimiya, Minori
collection PubMed
description Sugarcane mill mud/filter cake is an activated sludge-like byproduct from the clarifier of a raw sugar production factory, where cane juice is heated to ≈90°C for 1–2 hr, after the removal of bagasse. Mill mud is enriched with organic carbon, nitrogen, and nutrient minerals; no prior report utilized 16S rRNA gene sequencing to characterize the microbial composition. Mill mud could be applied to agricultural fields as biofertilizer to replace or supplement chemical fertilizers, and as bio-stimulant to replenish microorganisms and organic carbon depleted by erosion and post-harvest field burning. However, mill mud has historically caused waste management challenges in the United States. This study reports on the chemical and microbial (16S rRNA) characteristics for mill muds of diverse origin and ages. Chemical signature (high phosphorus) distinguished mill mud from bagasse (high carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio) and soil (high pH) samples of diverse geographical/environmental origins. Bacterial alpha diversity of all sample types (mill mud, bagasse, and soil) was inversely correlated with C/N. Firmicutes dominated the microbial composition of fresh byproducts (mill mud and bagasse) as-produced within the operating factory. Upon aging and environmental exposure, the microbial community of the byproducts diversified to resemble that of soils, and became dominated by varying proportions of other phyla such as Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Planctomyces. In summary, chemical properties allowed grouping of sample types (mill mud, bagasse, and soil-like), and microbial diversity analyses visualized aging caused by outdoor exposures including soil amendment and composting. Results suggest that a transient turnover of microbiome by amendments shifts towards more resilient population governed by the chemistry of bulk soil.
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spelling pubmed-93809432022-08-17 Chemical and microbial characterization of sugarcane mill mud for soil applications Uchimiya, Minori Hay, Anthony G. LeBlanc, Jeffrey PLoS One Research Article Sugarcane mill mud/filter cake is an activated sludge-like byproduct from the clarifier of a raw sugar production factory, where cane juice is heated to ≈90°C for 1–2 hr, after the removal of bagasse. Mill mud is enriched with organic carbon, nitrogen, and nutrient minerals; no prior report utilized 16S rRNA gene sequencing to characterize the microbial composition. Mill mud could be applied to agricultural fields as biofertilizer to replace or supplement chemical fertilizers, and as bio-stimulant to replenish microorganisms and organic carbon depleted by erosion and post-harvest field burning. However, mill mud has historically caused waste management challenges in the United States. This study reports on the chemical and microbial (16S rRNA) characteristics for mill muds of diverse origin and ages. Chemical signature (high phosphorus) distinguished mill mud from bagasse (high carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio) and soil (high pH) samples of diverse geographical/environmental origins. Bacterial alpha diversity of all sample types (mill mud, bagasse, and soil) was inversely correlated with C/N. Firmicutes dominated the microbial composition of fresh byproducts (mill mud and bagasse) as-produced within the operating factory. Upon aging and environmental exposure, the microbial community of the byproducts diversified to resemble that of soils, and became dominated by varying proportions of other phyla such as Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Planctomyces. In summary, chemical properties allowed grouping of sample types (mill mud, bagasse, and soil-like), and microbial diversity analyses visualized aging caused by outdoor exposures including soil amendment and composting. Results suggest that a transient turnover of microbiome by amendments shifts towards more resilient population governed by the chemistry of bulk soil. Public Library of Science 2022-08-16 /pmc/articles/PMC9380943/ /pubmed/35972931 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0272013 Text en https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) public domain dedication.
spellingShingle Research Article
Uchimiya, Minori
Hay, Anthony G.
LeBlanc, Jeffrey
Chemical and microbial characterization of sugarcane mill mud for soil applications
title Chemical and microbial characterization of sugarcane mill mud for soil applications
title_full Chemical and microbial characterization of sugarcane mill mud for soil applications
title_fullStr Chemical and microbial characterization of sugarcane mill mud for soil applications
title_full_unstemmed Chemical and microbial characterization of sugarcane mill mud for soil applications
title_short Chemical and microbial characterization of sugarcane mill mud for soil applications
title_sort chemical and microbial characterization of sugarcane mill mud for soil applications
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9380943/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35972931
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0272013
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