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Origin and evolution of animal multicellularity in the light of phylogenomics and cancer genetics

The rise of animals represents a major but enigmatic event in the evolutionary history of life. In recent years, numerous studies have aimed at understanding the genetic basis of this transition. However, genome comparisons of diverse animal and protist lineages suggest that the appearance of gene f...

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Autores principales: Jacques, Florian, Baratchart, Etienne, Pienta, Kenneth J., Hammarlund, Emma U.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer US 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9381480/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35972622
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12032-022-01740-w
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author Jacques, Florian
Baratchart, Etienne
Pienta, Kenneth J.
Hammarlund, Emma U.
author_facet Jacques, Florian
Baratchart, Etienne
Pienta, Kenneth J.
Hammarlund, Emma U.
author_sort Jacques, Florian
collection PubMed
description The rise of animals represents a major but enigmatic event in the evolutionary history of life. In recent years, numerous studies have aimed at understanding the genetic basis of this transition. However, genome comparisons of diverse animal and protist lineages suggest that the appearance of gene families that were previously considered animal specific indeed preceded animals. Animals’ unicellular relatives, such as choanoflagellates, ichthyosporeans, and filastereans, demonstrate complex life cycles including transient multicellularity as well as genetic toolkits for temporal cell differentiation, cell-to-cell communication, apoptosis, and cell adhesion. This has warranted further exploration of the genetic basis underlying transitions in cellular organization. An alternative model for the study of transitions in cellular organization is tumors, which exploit physiological programs that characterize both unicellularity and multicellularity. Tumor cells, for example, switch adhesion on and off, up- or downregulate specific cell differentiation states, downregulate apoptosis, and allow cell migration within tissues. Here, we use insights from both the fields of phylogenomics and tumor biology to review the evolutionary history of the regulatory systems of multicellularity and discuss their overlap. We claim that while evolutionary biology has contributed to an increased understanding of cancer, broad investigations into tissue—normal and transformed—can also contribute the framework for exploring animal evolution.
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spelling pubmed-93814802022-08-18 Origin and evolution of animal multicellularity in the light of phylogenomics and cancer genetics Jacques, Florian Baratchart, Etienne Pienta, Kenneth J. Hammarlund, Emma U. Med Oncol Perspectives in Oncology The rise of animals represents a major but enigmatic event in the evolutionary history of life. In recent years, numerous studies have aimed at understanding the genetic basis of this transition. However, genome comparisons of diverse animal and protist lineages suggest that the appearance of gene families that were previously considered animal specific indeed preceded animals. Animals’ unicellular relatives, such as choanoflagellates, ichthyosporeans, and filastereans, demonstrate complex life cycles including transient multicellularity as well as genetic toolkits for temporal cell differentiation, cell-to-cell communication, apoptosis, and cell adhesion. This has warranted further exploration of the genetic basis underlying transitions in cellular organization. An alternative model for the study of transitions in cellular organization is tumors, which exploit physiological programs that characterize both unicellularity and multicellularity. Tumor cells, for example, switch adhesion on and off, up- or downregulate specific cell differentiation states, downregulate apoptosis, and allow cell migration within tissues. Here, we use insights from both the fields of phylogenomics and tumor biology to review the evolutionary history of the regulatory systems of multicellularity and discuss their overlap. We claim that while evolutionary biology has contributed to an increased understanding of cancer, broad investigations into tissue—normal and transformed—can also contribute the framework for exploring animal evolution. Springer US 2022-08-16 2022 /pmc/articles/PMC9381480/ /pubmed/35972622 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12032-022-01740-w Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Perspectives in Oncology
Jacques, Florian
Baratchart, Etienne
Pienta, Kenneth J.
Hammarlund, Emma U.
Origin and evolution of animal multicellularity in the light of phylogenomics and cancer genetics
title Origin and evolution of animal multicellularity in the light of phylogenomics and cancer genetics
title_full Origin and evolution of animal multicellularity in the light of phylogenomics and cancer genetics
title_fullStr Origin and evolution of animal multicellularity in the light of phylogenomics and cancer genetics
title_full_unstemmed Origin and evolution of animal multicellularity in the light of phylogenomics and cancer genetics
title_short Origin and evolution of animal multicellularity in the light of phylogenomics and cancer genetics
title_sort origin and evolution of animal multicellularity in the light of phylogenomics and cancer genetics
topic Perspectives in Oncology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9381480/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35972622
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12032-022-01740-w
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