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A single early introduction governed viral diversity in the second wave of SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Hungary

Retrospective evaluation of past waves of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic is key for designing optimal interventions against future waves and novel pandemics. Here, we report on analysing genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 from the first two waves of the epidemi...

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Autores principales: Ari, Eszter, Vásárhelyi, Bálint Márk, Kemenesi, Gábor, Tóth, Gábor Endre, Zana, Brigitta, Somogyi, Balázs, Lanszki, Zsófia, Röst, Gergely, Jakab, Ferenc, Papp, Balázs, Kintses, Bálint
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9384595/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35996591
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ve/veac069
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author Ari, Eszter
Vásárhelyi, Bálint Márk
Kemenesi, Gábor
Tóth, Gábor Endre
Zana, Brigitta
Somogyi, Balázs
Lanszki, Zsófia
Röst, Gergely
Jakab, Ferenc
Papp, Balázs
Kintses, Bálint
author_facet Ari, Eszter
Vásárhelyi, Bálint Márk
Kemenesi, Gábor
Tóth, Gábor Endre
Zana, Brigitta
Somogyi, Balázs
Lanszki, Zsófia
Röst, Gergely
Jakab, Ferenc
Papp, Balázs
Kintses, Bálint
author_sort Ari, Eszter
collection PubMed
description Retrospective evaluation of past waves of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic is key for designing optimal interventions against future waves and novel pandemics. Here, we report on analysing genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 from the first two waves of the epidemic in 2020 in Hungary, mirroring a suppression and a mitigation strategy, respectively. Our analysis reveals that the two waves markedly differed in viral diversity and transmission patterns. Specifically, unlike in several European areas or in the USA, we have found no evidence for early introduction and cryptic transmission of the virus in the first wave of the pandemic in Hungary. Despite the introduction of multiple viral lineages, extensive community spread was prevented by a timely national lockdown in March 2020. In sharp contrast, the majority of the cases in the much larger second wave can be linked to a single transmission lineage of the pan-European B.1.160 variant. This lineage was introduced unexpectedly early, followed by a 2-month-long cryptic transmission before a soar of detected cases in September 2020. Epidemic analysis has revealed that the dominance of this lineage in the second wave was not associated with an intrinsic transmission advantage. This finding is further supported by the rapid replacement of B.1.160 by the alpha variant (B.1.1.7) that launched the third wave of the epidemic in February 2021. Overall, these results illustrate how the founder effect in combination with the cryptic transmission, instead of repeated international introductions or higher transmissibility, can govern viral diversity.
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spelling pubmed-93845952022-08-18 A single early introduction governed viral diversity in the second wave of SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Hungary Ari, Eszter Vásárhelyi, Bálint Márk Kemenesi, Gábor Tóth, Gábor Endre Zana, Brigitta Somogyi, Balázs Lanszki, Zsófia Röst, Gergely Jakab, Ferenc Papp, Balázs Kintses, Bálint Virus Evol Research Article Retrospective evaluation of past waves of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic is key for designing optimal interventions against future waves and novel pandemics. Here, we report on analysing genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 from the first two waves of the epidemic in 2020 in Hungary, mirroring a suppression and a mitigation strategy, respectively. Our analysis reveals that the two waves markedly differed in viral diversity and transmission patterns. Specifically, unlike in several European areas or in the USA, we have found no evidence for early introduction and cryptic transmission of the virus in the first wave of the pandemic in Hungary. Despite the introduction of multiple viral lineages, extensive community spread was prevented by a timely national lockdown in March 2020. In sharp contrast, the majority of the cases in the much larger second wave can be linked to a single transmission lineage of the pan-European B.1.160 variant. This lineage was introduced unexpectedly early, followed by a 2-month-long cryptic transmission before a soar of detected cases in September 2020. Epidemic analysis has revealed that the dominance of this lineage in the second wave was not associated with an intrinsic transmission advantage. This finding is further supported by the rapid replacement of B.1.160 by the alpha variant (B.1.1.7) that launched the third wave of the epidemic in February 2021. Overall, these results illustrate how the founder effect in combination with the cryptic transmission, instead of repeated international introductions or higher transmissibility, can govern viral diversity. Oxford University Press 2022-07-27 /pmc/articles/PMC9384595/ /pubmed/35996591 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ve/veac069 Text en © The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com
spellingShingle Research Article
Ari, Eszter
Vásárhelyi, Bálint Márk
Kemenesi, Gábor
Tóth, Gábor Endre
Zana, Brigitta
Somogyi, Balázs
Lanszki, Zsófia
Röst, Gergely
Jakab, Ferenc
Papp, Balázs
Kintses, Bálint
A single early introduction governed viral diversity in the second wave of SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Hungary
title A single early introduction governed viral diversity in the second wave of SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Hungary
title_full A single early introduction governed viral diversity in the second wave of SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Hungary
title_fullStr A single early introduction governed viral diversity in the second wave of SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Hungary
title_full_unstemmed A single early introduction governed viral diversity in the second wave of SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Hungary
title_short A single early introduction governed viral diversity in the second wave of SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Hungary
title_sort single early introduction governed viral diversity in the second wave of sars-cov-2 epidemic in hungary
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9384595/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35996591
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ve/veac069
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