Cargando…

Household Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 From Adult Index Cases With and Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus in South Africa, 2020–2021: A Case-Ascertained, Prospective, Observational Household Transmission Study

BACKGROUND: In South Africa, 19% of adults are living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; LWH). Few data on the influence of HIV on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) household transmission are available. METHODS: We performed a case-ascertained, prospective household t...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Kleynhans, Jackie, Walaza, Sibongile, Martinson, Neil A, Neti, Mzimasi, von Gottberg, Anne, Bhiman, Jinal N, Toi, Dylan, Amoako, Daniel G, Buys, Amelia, Ndlangisa, Kedibone, Wolter, Nicole, Genade, Leisha, Maloma, Lucia, Chewparsad, Juanita, Lebina, Limakatso, de Gouveia, Linda, Kotane, Retshidisitswe, Tempia, Stefano, Cohen, Cheryl
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9384657/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35925613
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciac640
_version_ 1784769457614225408
author Kleynhans, Jackie
Walaza, Sibongile
Martinson, Neil A
Neti, Mzimasi
von Gottberg, Anne
Bhiman, Jinal N
Toi, Dylan
Amoako, Daniel G
Buys, Amelia
Ndlangisa, Kedibone
Wolter, Nicole
Genade, Leisha
Maloma, Lucia
Chewparsad, Juanita
Lebina, Limakatso
de Gouveia, Linda
Kotane, Retshidisitswe
Tempia, Stefano
Cohen, Cheryl
author_facet Kleynhans, Jackie
Walaza, Sibongile
Martinson, Neil A
Neti, Mzimasi
von Gottberg, Anne
Bhiman, Jinal N
Toi, Dylan
Amoako, Daniel G
Buys, Amelia
Ndlangisa, Kedibone
Wolter, Nicole
Genade, Leisha
Maloma, Lucia
Chewparsad, Juanita
Lebina, Limakatso
de Gouveia, Linda
Kotane, Retshidisitswe
Tempia, Stefano
Cohen, Cheryl
author_sort Kleynhans, Jackie
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: In South Africa, 19% of adults are living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; LWH). Few data on the influence of HIV on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) household transmission are available. METHODS: We performed a case-ascertained, prospective household transmission study of symptomatic adult index SARS-CoV-2 cases LWH and not living with HIV (NLWH) and their contacts from October 2020 to September 2021. Households were followed up 3 times a week for 6 weeks to collect nasal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 testing. We estimated household cumulative infection risk (HCIR) and duration of SARS-CoV-2 positivity (at a cycle threshold value <30 as proxy for high viral load). RESULTS: HCIR was 59% (220 of 373), not differing by index HIV status (60% LWH vs 58% NLWH). HCIR increased with index case age (35–59 years: adjusted OR [aOR], 3.4; 95% CI, 1.5–7.8 and ≥60 years: aOR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.0–10.1) compared with 18–34 years and with contacts’ age, 13–17 years (aOR, 7.1; 95% CI, 1.5–33.9) and 18–34 years (aOR, 4.4; 95% CI, 1.0–18.4) compared with <5 years. Mean positivity was longer in cases LWH (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.4; 95% CI, .1–.9). CONCLUSIONS: Index HIV status was not associated with higher HCIR, but cases LWH had longer positivity duration. Adults aged >35 years were more likely to transmit and individuals aged 13–34 to be infected SARS-CoV-2 in the household. As HIV infection may increase transmission, health services must maintain HIV testing and antiretroviral therapy initiation.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-9384657
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2022
publisher Oxford University Press
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-93846572022-08-18 Household Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 From Adult Index Cases With and Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus in South Africa, 2020–2021: A Case-Ascertained, Prospective, Observational Household Transmission Study Kleynhans, Jackie Walaza, Sibongile Martinson, Neil A Neti, Mzimasi von Gottberg, Anne Bhiman, Jinal N Toi, Dylan Amoako, Daniel G Buys, Amelia Ndlangisa, Kedibone Wolter, Nicole Genade, Leisha Maloma, Lucia Chewparsad, Juanita Lebina, Limakatso de Gouveia, Linda Kotane, Retshidisitswe Tempia, Stefano Cohen, Cheryl Clin Infect Dis Major Article BACKGROUND: In South Africa, 19% of adults are living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; LWH). Few data on the influence of HIV on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) household transmission are available. METHODS: We performed a case-ascertained, prospective household transmission study of symptomatic adult index SARS-CoV-2 cases LWH and not living with HIV (NLWH) and their contacts from October 2020 to September 2021. Households were followed up 3 times a week for 6 weeks to collect nasal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 testing. We estimated household cumulative infection risk (HCIR) and duration of SARS-CoV-2 positivity (at a cycle threshold value <30 as proxy for high viral load). RESULTS: HCIR was 59% (220 of 373), not differing by index HIV status (60% LWH vs 58% NLWH). HCIR increased with index case age (35–59 years: adjusted OR [aOR], 3.4; 95% CI, 1.5–7.8 and ≥60 years: aOR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.0–10.1) compared with 18–34 years and with contacts’ age, 13–17 years (aOR, 7.1; 95% CI, 1.5–33.9) and 18–34 years (aOR, 4.4; 95% CI, 1.0–18.4) compared with <5 years. Mean positivity was longer in cases LWH (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.4; 95% CI, .1–.9). CONCLUSIONS: Index HIV status was not associated with higher HCIR, but cases LWH had longer positivity duration. Adults aged >35 years were more likely to transmit and individuals aged 13–34 to be infected SARS-CoV-2 in the household. As HIV infection may increase transmission, health services must maintain HIV testing and antiretroviral therapy initiation. Oxford University Press 2022-09-05 /pmc/articles/PMC9384657/ /pubmed/35925613 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciac640 Text en © The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Major Article
Kleynhans, Jackie
Walaza, Sibongile
Martinson, Neil A
Neti, Mzimasi
von Gottberg, Anne
Bhiman, Jinal N
Toi, Dylan
Amoako, Daniel G
Buys, Amelia
Ndlangisa, Kedibone
Wolter, Nicole
Genade, Leisha
Maloma, Lucia
Chewparsad, Juanita
Lebina, Limakatso
de Gouveia, Linda
Kotane, Retshidisitswe
Tempia, Stefano
Cohen, Cheryl
Household Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 From Adult Index Cases With and Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus in South Africa, 2020–2021: A Case-Ascertained, Prospective, Observational Household Transmission Study
title Household Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 From Adult Index Cases With and Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus in South Africa, 2020–2021: A Case-Ascertained, Prospective, Observational Household Transmission Study
title_full Household Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 From Adult Index Cases With and Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus in South Africa, 2020–2021: A Case-Ascertained, Prospective, Observational Household Transmission Study
title_fullStr Household Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 From Adult Index Cases With and Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus in South Africa, 2020–2021: A Case-Ascertained, Prospective, Observational Household Transmission Study
title_full_unstemmed Household Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 From Adult Index Cases With and Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus in South Africa, 2020–2021: A Case-Ascertained, Prospective, Observational Household Transmission Study
title_short Household Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 From Adult Index Cases With and Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus in South Africa, 2020–2021: A Case-Ascertained, Prospective, Observational Household Transmission Study
title_sort household transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 from adult index cases with and without human immunodeficiency virus in south africa, 2020–2021: a case-ascertained, prospective, observational household transmission study
topic Major Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9384657/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35925613
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciac640
work_keys_str_mv AT kleynhansjackie householdtransmissionofsevereacuterespiratorysyndromecoronavirus2fromadultindexcaseswithandwithouthumanimmunodeficiencyvirusinsouthafrica20202021acaseascertainedprospectiveobservationalhouseholdtransmissionstudy
AT walazasibongile householdtransmissionofsevereacuterespiratorysyndromecoronavirus2fromadultindexcaseswithandwithouthumanimmunodeficiencyvirusinsouthafrica20202021acaseascertainedprospectiveobservationalhouseholdtransmissionstudy
AT martinsonneila householdtransmissionofsevereacuterespiratorysyndromecoronavirus2fromadultindexcaseswithandwithouthumanimmunodeficiencyvirusinsouthafrica20202021acaseascertainedprospectiveobservationalhouseholdtransmissionstudy
AT netimzimasi householdtransmissionofsevereacuterespiratorysyndromecoronavirus2fromadultindexcaseswithandwithouthumanimmunodeficiencyvirusinsouthafrica20202021acaseascertainedprospectiveobservationalhouseholdtransmissionstudy
AT vongottberganne householdtransmissionofsevereacuterespiratorysyndromecoronavirus2fromadultindexcaseswithandwithouthumanimmunodeficiencyvirusinsouthafrica20202021acaseascertainedprospectiveobservationalhouseholdtransmissionstudy
AT bhimanjinaln householdtransmissionofsevereacuterespiratorysyndromecoronavirus2fromadultindexcaseswithandwithouthumanimmunodeficiencyvirusinsouthafrica20202021acaseascertainedprospectiveobservationalhouseholdtransmissionstudy
AT toidylan householdtransmissionofsevereacuterespiratorysyndromecoronavirus2fromadultindexcaseswithandwithouthumanimmunodeficiencyvirusinsouthafrica20202021acaseascertainedprospectiveobservationalhouseholdtransmissionstudy
AT amoakodanielg householdtransmissionofsevereacuterespiratorysyndromecoronavirus2fromadultindexcaseswithandwithouthumanimmunodeficiencyvirusinsouthafrica20202021acaseascertainedprospectiveobservationalhouseholdtransmissionstudy
AT buysamelia householdtransmissionofsevereacuterespiratorysyndromecoronavirus2fromadultindexcaseswithandwithouthumanimmunodeficiencyvirusinsouthafrica20202021acaseascertainedprospectiveobservationalhouseholdtransmissionstudy
AT ndlangisakedibone householdtransmissionofsevereacuterespiratorysyndromecoronavirus2fromadultindexcaseswithandwithouthumanimmunodeficiencyvirusinsouthafrica20202021acaseascertainedprospectiveobservationalhouseholdtransmissionstudy
AT wolternicole householdtransmissionofsevereacuterespiratorysyndromecoronavirus2fromadultindexcaseswithandwithouthumanimmunodeficiencyvirusinsouthafrica20202021acaseascertainedprospectiveobservationalhouseholdtransmissionstudy
AT genadeleisha householdtransmissionofsevereacuterespiratorysyndromecoronavirus2fromadultindexcaseswithandwithouthumanimmunodeficiencyvirusinsouthafrica20202021acaseascertainedprospectiveobservationalhouseholdtransmissionstudy
AT malomalucia householdtransmissionofsevereacuterespiratorysyndromecoronavirus2fromadultindexcaseswithandwithouthumanimmunodeficiencyvirusinsouthafrica20202021acaseascertainedprospectiveobservationalhouseholdtransmissionstudy
AT chewparsadjuanita householdtransmissionofsevereacuterespiratorysyndromecoronavirus2fromadultindexcaseswithandwithouthumanimmunodeficiencyvirusinsouthafrica20202021acaseascertainedprospectiveobservationalhouseholdtransmissionstudy
AT lebinalimakatso householdtransmissionofsevereacuterespiratorysyndromecoronavirus2fromadultindexcaseswithandwithouthumanimmunodeficiencyvirusinsouthafrica20202021acaseascertainedprospectiveobservationalhouseholdtransmissionstudy
AT degouveialinda householdtransmissionofsevereacuterespiratorysyndromecoronavirus2fromadultindexcaseswithandwithouthumanimmunodeficiencyvirusinsouthafrica20202021acaseascertainedprospectiveobservationalhouseholdtransmissionstudy
AT kotaneretshidisitswe householdtransmissionofsevereacuterespiratorysyndromecoronavirus2fromadultindexcaseswithandwithouthumanimmunodeficiencyvirusinsouthafrica20202021acaseascertainedprospectiveobservationalhouseholdtransmissionstudy
AT tempiastefano householdtransmissionofsevereacuterespiratorysyndromecoronavirus2fromadultindexcaseswithandwithouthumanimmunodeficiencyvirusinsouthafrica20202021acaseascertainedprospectiveobservationalhouseholdtransmissionstudy
AT cohencheryl householdtransmissionofsevereacuterespiratorysyndromecoronavirus2fromadultindexcaseswithandwithouthumanimmunodeficiencyvirusinsouthafrica20202021acaseascertainedprospectiveobservationalhouseholdtransmissionstudy