Utility of positron emission tomography myocardial perfusion imaging for identifying ischemia and guiding treatment in patients with anomalous coronary arteries

BACKGROUND: The assessment of anomalous coronary arteries (AAOCA) remains controversial without an optimal stress modality for ischemia. We evaluated the value of PET-CT myocardial perfusion imaging in these patients and subsequent management. METHODS AND RESULTS: AAOCA patients (n = 82) undergoing PET-CT from 2015 to 2021 were retrospectively chart reviewed. Multivariable analyses performed to assess relevant clinical and imaging factors associated with ischemia on PET and AAOCA surgery. Key characteristics include mean age 45 ± 20 years, 30 (37%) female, 45 (55%) with chest pain, 19 (23%) anomalous left main coronary artery, 58 (71%) anomalous right coronary artery, 26 (32%) with objective ischemia on PET-CT, and 37 (45%) who underwent AAOCA surgery. Adverse outcomes over mean follow-up of 2.2 ± 1.8 years included one death and two myocardial infarctions. Anomalous left main was independently associated with ischemia on PET-CT, odds ratio (95% confidence intervals) 4.15 (1.31–13.1), P = .006. Chest pain and ischemia on PET-CT were independently associated with and provided incremental prognostic value for surgery, odds ratio 9.73 (2.78–34.0), P < .001 and 6.79 (1.99–23.2), P = .002, respectively. CONCLUSION: Ischemia on PET-CT occurred in a third of our cohort, identifying patients who may benefit from surgery. Larger studies are needed to evaluate the interplay between AAOCA, ischemia by PET and surgery. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12350-022-03071-9.