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Cabbage and Weed Identification Based on Machine Learning and Target Spraying System Design

The complexity of natural elements seriously affects the accuracy and stability of field target identification, and the speed of an identification algorithm essentially limits the practical application of field pesticide spraying. In this study, a cabbage identification and pesticide spraying contro...

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Autores principales: Zhao, Xueguan, Wang, Xiu, Li, Cuiling, Fu, Hao, Yang, Shuo, Zhai, Changyuan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9386377/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35991409
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.924973
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author Zhao, Xueguan
Wang, Xiu
Li, Cuiling
Fu, Hao
Yang, Shuo
Zhai, Changyuan
author_facet Zhao, Xueguan
Wang, Xiu
Li, Cuiling
Fu, Hao
Yang, Shuo
Zhai, Changyuan
author_sort Zhao, Xueguan
collection PubMed
description The complexity of natural elements seriously affects the accuracy and stability of field target identification, and the speed of an identification algorithm essentially limits the practical application of field pesticide spraying. In this study, a cabbage identification and pesticide spraying control system based on an artificial light source was developed. With the image skeleton point-to-line ratio and ring structure features of support vector machine classification and identification, a contrast test of different feature combinations of a support vector machine was carried out, and the optimal feature combination of the support vector machine and its parameters were determined. In addition, a targeted pesticide spraying control system based on an active light source and a targeted spraying delay model were designed, and a communication protocol for the targeted spraying control system based on electronic control unit was developed to realize the controlled pesticide spraying of targets. According to the results of the support vector machine classification test, the feature vector comprised of the point-to-line ratio, maximum inscribed circle radius, and fitted curve coefficient had the highest identification accuracy of 95.7%, with a processing time of 33 ms for a single-frame image. Additionally, according to the results of a practical field application test, the average identification accuracies of cabbage were 95.0%, average identification accuracies of weed were 93.5%, and the results of target spraying at three operating speeds of 0.52 m/s, 0.69 m/s and 0.93 m/s show that the average invalid spraying rate, average missed spraying rate, and average effective spraying rate were 2.4, 4.7, and 92.9%, respectively. Moreover, it was also found from the results that with increasing speeds, the offset of the centre of the mass of the target increased and reached a maximum value of 28.6 mm when the speed was 0.93 m/s. The void rate and pesticide saving rate were 65 and 33.8% under continuous planting conditions and 76.6 and 53.3% under natural seeding deficiency conditions, respectively.
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spelling pubmed-93863772022-08-19 Cabbage and Weed Identification Based on Machine Learning and Target Spraying System Design Zhao, Xueguan Wang, Xiu Li, Cuiling Fu, Hao Yang, Shuo Zhai, Changyuan Front Plant Sci Plant Science The complexity of natural elements seriously affects the accuracy and stability of field target identification, and the speed of an identification algorithm essentially limits the practical application of field pesticide spraying. In this study, a cabbage identification and pesticide spraying control system based on an artificial light source was developed. With the image skeleton point-to-line ratio and ring structure features of support vector machine classification and identification, a contrast test of different feature combinations of a support vector machine was carried out, and the optimal feature combination of the support vector machine and its parameters were determined. In addition, a targeted pesticide spraying control system based on an active light source and a targeted spraying delay model were designed, and a communication protocol for the targeted spraying control system based on electronic control unit was developed to realize the controlled pesticide spraying of targets. According to the results of the support vector machine classification test, the feature vector comprised of the point-to-line ratio, maximum inscribed circle radius, and fitted curve coefficient had the highest identification accuracy of 95.7%, with a processing time of 33 ms for a single-frame image. Additionally, according to the results of a practical field application test, the average identification accuracies of cabbage were 95.0%, average identification accuracies of weed were 93.5%, and the results of target spraying at three operating speeds of 0.52 m/s, 0.69 m/s and 0.93 m/s show that the average invalid spraying rate, average missed spraying rate, and average effective spraying rate were 2.4, 4.7, and 92.9%, respectively. Moreover, it was also found from the results that with increasing speeds, the offset of the centre of the mass of the target increased and reached a maximum value of 28.6 mm when the speed was 0.93 m/s. The void rate and pesticide saving rate were 65 and 33.8% under continuous planting conditions and 76.6 and 53.3% under natural seeding deficiency conditions, respectively. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-08-04 /pmc/articles/PMC9386377/ /pubmed/35991409 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.924973 Text en Copyright © 2022 Zhao, Wang, Li, Fu, Yang and Zhai. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Plant Science
Zhao, Xueguan
Wang, Xiu
Li, Cuiling
Fu, Hao
Yang, Shuo
Zhai, Changyuan
Cabbage and Weed Identification Based on Machine Learning and Target Spraying System Design
title Cabbage and Weed Identification Based on Machine Learning and Target Spraying System Design
title_full Cabbage and Weed Identification Based on Machine Learning and Target Spraying System Design
title_fullStr Cabbage and Weed Identification Based on Machine Learning and Target Spraying System Design
title_full_unstemmed Cabbage and Weed Identification Based on Machine Learning and Target Spraying System Design
title_short Cabbage and Weed Identification Based on Machine Learning and Target Spraying System Design
title_sort cabbage and weed identification based on machine learning and target spraying system design
topic Plant Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9386377/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35991409
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.924973
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