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Spatial repellency and vapour toxicity of transfluthrin against the biting midges Culicoides nubeculosus and C. sonorensis (Ceratopogonidae)

Biting midges (Diptera; Ceratopogonidae; Culicoides spp.) are biological vectors of disease agents, and they cause nuisance and insect bite hypersensitivity. Currently there are no effective means to control biting midges as screening is impractical and the application of insecticides or repellents...

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Autores principales: Verhulst, Niels O., Cavegn, Jannis Ceril, Mathis, Alexander
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9387480/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36003605
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cris.2020.100002
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author Verhulst, Niels O.
Cavegn, Jannis Ceril
Mathis, Alexander
author_facet Verhulst, Niels O.
Cavegn, Jannis Ceril
Mathis, Alexander
author_sort Verhulst, Niels O.
collection PubMed
description Biting midges (Diptera; Ceratopogonidae; Culicoides spp.) are biological vectors of disease agents, and they cause nuisance and insect bite hypersensitivity. Currently there are no effective means to control biting midges as screening is impractical and the application of insecticides or repellents is of limited efficacy. Spatial repellents have the advantage over contact repellents that they can create a vector-free environment. Studies have shown the efficacy of spatial repellents to protect humans against mosquitoes, also outdoors, but no data are available for biting midges. We tested the spatial repellency and toxicity (knockdown effect) of the volatile pyrethroid transfluthrin against the laboratory-reared biting midges Culicoides nubeculosus (Meigen) and Culicoides sonorensis (Wirth and Jones) and the mosquito Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) in a high-throughput tube setup. Observations were made 15, 30 and 60 min. after application of the repellent. In addition to transfluthrin, the non-volatile pyrethroid permethrin and DEET, the gold standard of repellents, were included. Spatial repellency by transfluthrin was observed against both biting midge species and Ae. aegypti, already at the first observation after 15 min. and at much lower concentrations than DEET. Permethrin was spatially repellent only to C. sonorensis at the highest concentration tested (10 μg/cm(2)). Knockdown of biting midges and mosquitoes by transfluthrin, both by vapour or contact toxicity, was observed even at low concentrations. DEET had little to no effect on the knockdown of the insects, neither by direct contact nor vapour toxicity, while permethrin caused a high proportion of knockdown when direct contact was possible. In case these results can be confirmed in field experiments, spatial repellents could become a novel tool in integrated control programmes to reduce biting by Culicoides spp.
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spelling pubmed-93874802022-08-23 Spatial repellency and vapour toxicity of transfluthrin against the biting midges Culicoides nubeculosus and C. sonorensis (Ceratopogonidae) Verhulst, Niels O. Cavegn, Jannis Ceril Mathis, Alexander Curr Res Insect Sci Research Article Biting midges (Diptera; Ceratopogonidae; Culicoides spp.) are biological vectors of disease agents, and they cause nuisance and insect bite hypersensitivity. Currently there are no effective means to control biting midges as screening is impractical and the application of insecticides or repellents is of limited efficacy. Spatial repellents have the advantage over contact repellents that they can create a vector-free environment. Studies have shown the efficacy of spatial repellents to protect humans against mosquitoes, also outdoors, but no data are available for biting midges. We tested the spatial repellency and toxicity (knockdown effect) of the volatile pyrethroid transfluthrin against the laboratory-reared biting midges Culicoides nubeculosus (Meigen) and Culicoides sonorensis (Wirth and Jones) and the mosquito Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) in a high-throughput tube setup. Observations were made 15, 30 and 60 min. after application of the repellent. In addition to transfluthrin, the non-volatile pyrethroid permethrin and DEET, the gold standard of repellents, were included. Spatial repellency by transfluthrin was observed against both biting midge species and Ae. aegypti, already at the first observation after 15 min. and at much lower concentrations than DEET. Permethrin was spatially repellent only to C. sonorensis at the highest concentration tested (10 μg/cm(2)). Knockdown of biting midges and mosquitoes by transfluthrin, both by vapour or contact toxicity, was observed even at low concentrations. DEET had little to no effect on the knockdown of the insects, neither by direct contact nor vapour toxicity, while permethrin caused a high proportion of knockdown when direct contact was possible. In case these results can be confirmed in field experiments, spatial repellents could become a novel tool in integrated control programmes to reduce biting by Culicoides spp. Elsevier 2020-10-24 /pmc/articles/PMC9387480/ /pubmed/36003605 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cris.2020.100002 Text en © 2020 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
spellingShingle Research Article
Verhulst, Niels O.
Cavegn, Jannis Ceril
Mathis, Alexander
Spatial repellency and vapour toxicity of transfluthrin against the biting midges Culicoides nubeculosus and C. sonorensis (Ceratopogonidae)
title Spatial repellency and vapour toxicity of transfluthrin against the biting midges Culicoides nubeculosus and C. sonorensis (Ceratopogonidae)
title_full Spatial repellency and vapour toxicity of transfluthrin against the biting midges Culicoides nubeculosus and C. sonorensis (Ceratopogonidae)
title_fullStr Spatial repellency and vapour toxicity of transfluthrin against the biting midges Culicoides nubeculosus and C. sonorensis (Ceratopogonidae)
title_full_unstemmed Spatial repellency and vapour toxicity of transfluthrin against the biting midges Culicoides nubeculosus and C. sonorensis (Ceratopogonidae)
title_short Spatial repellency and vapour toxicity of transfluthrin against the biting midges Culicoides nubeculosus and C. sonorensis (Ceratopogonidae)
title_sort spatial repellency and vapour toxicity of transfluthrin against the biting midges culicoides nubeculosus and c. sonorensis (ceratopogonidae)
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9387480/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36003605
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cris.2020.100002
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