Perioperative Cardiovascular Outcome in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease Undergoing Major Vascular Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study

BACKGROUND: Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) are a major contributor to morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing major vascular surgeries. We aim to assess the incidence, risk factors, and outcome of MACE in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) undergoing aortic surgeries. METHODS: In this retrospective observational study, we included patients with CAD who underwent elective major vascular surgery, namely, thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repairs and vascular bypass surgeries for aorto-occlusive disease, in our institute from January 2010 to December 2019. The association of preoperative risk factors including revised cardiac risk index factors, functional status of patients, severity of CAD, and its treatment status and technique of anesthesia with occurrence of MACE was analyzed. RESULTS: Medical records of 141 patients were studied. The incidence of perioperative MACE was 11.3% (16/141) and overall in-hospital mortality was 6.4% (9/141), all of them related to MACE; implicating a 56.2% mortality in patients who develop MACE. The odds of a patient who had undergone preoperative coronary revascularization to develop a MACE was higher than a nonrevascularized patient (odds ratio: 3.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.34–11.34). There was found to be no benefit in the addition of epidural analgesia to general anesthesia in reducing perioperative MACE. CONCLUSIONS: Major vascular surgeries in patients with CAD are a highly morbid procedure and a perioperative MACE places them at a significantly high risk of mortality. Early detection of CAD and preoperative medical optimization can play a major role in reducing the risk of MACE.