Incidence des complications materno-fœtales au cours du diabète gestationnel

Introduction:Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with both maternal and fetal complications related to maternal hyperglycemia. Aim:The aim of the study was to describe the incidence of maternal and fetal complications associated with GDM in a reference maternity hospital in the Tunis (2019-2020). Method:We conducted a prospective longitudinal descriptive and analytical study including 220 patients followed for GDM at the research unit «Diabetes and pregnancy» of the C department of the National Institute of Nutrition of Tunis. The patients were followed during pregnancy and until post partum, for a period of 18 months (July 2019-December 2020).The patients were divided into two groups Group1(G1) including women treated with insulin therapy (n=68) and Group 2(G2) including women treated with diet only (n=152). Results:In the current study, 63,6% of patients delivered by cesarean section and 5% developed gestational induced hypertension. Neonatal outcomes were dominated by macrosomia (13.5%) and transient respiratory distress (11.4%). Insulin-treated women had a higher incidence of gestational induced hypertension (G1:11,9% versus G2: 2,1%;p=0,03). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the incidence of fetal outcomes including macrosomia (G1:17.6% versus G2:11.2%; p=0.203),transient respiratory distress (G1:11.8% versus G2: 10.5%; p=0.781) and prematurity (G1:7.4% versus G2:4.6%; p=0.452). Conclusion:Our study showed that Insulin-treated women had a higher incidence of gestational induced hypertension. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the incidence of fetal complications.