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Analysis of potential risk factors associated with COVID-19 and hospitalization

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was found to cause complications in certain groups of people, leading to hospitalization. Several factors have been linked to this, such as gender, age, comorbidity, and race. Understanding the precise reasons for the COVID-19-induced complications might help in d...

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Autores principales: Alharbi, Abdul-Hakeem Moazi, Rabbani, Syed Imam, Halim Mohamed, Ashraf Abdel, Almushayti, Basil Khalid, Aldhwayan, Nasser Ibrahim, Almohaimeed, Ali Tami, Alharbi, Abdullah Abdulrhman, Alharbi, Naif Saad, Asdaq, Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin, Alamri, Abdulhakeem S., Alsanie, Walaa F., Alhomrani, Majid
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9389402/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35991020
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.921953
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author Alharbi, Abdul-Hakeem Moazi
Rabbani, Syed Imam
Halim Mohamed, Ashraf Abdel
Almushayti, Basil Khalid
Aldhwayan, Nasser Ibrahim
Almohaimeed, Ali Tami
Alharbi, Abdullah Abdulrhman
Alharbi, Naif Saad
Asdaq, Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin
Alamri, Abdulhakeem S.
Alsanie, Walaa F.
Alhomrani, Majid
author_facet Alharbi, Abdul-Hakeem Moazi
Rabbani, Syed Imam
Halim Mohamed, Ashraf Abdel
Almushayti, Basil Khalid
Aldhwayan, Nasser Ibrahim
Almohaimeed, Ali Tami
Alharbi, Abdullah Abdulrhman
Alharbi, Naif Saad
Asdaq, Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin
Alamri, Abdulhakeem S.
Alsanie, Walaa F.
Alhomrani, Majid
author_sort Alharbi, Abdul-Hakeem Moazi
collection PubMed
description Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was found to cause complications in certain groups of people, leading to hospitalization. Several factors have been linked to this, such as gender, age, comorbidity, and race. Understanding the precise reasons for the COVID-19-induced complications might help in designing strategies to minimize hospitalization. A retrospective, cross-sectional observational study was conducted for patients in a COVID-19-designated specialty hospital after obtaining ethical clearance. Patients' demographic and clinical characteristics, such as age, gender, race, vaccinated status, complications, comorbidities, and medications, were retrieved from the hospital medical database. The data were statistically analyzed to determine the association between the predictors and the outcomes of COVID-19. An odds ratio (both unadjusted and adjusted) analysis was carried out to determine the risk factors for hospitalization [non-intensive care (non-ICU) and intensive care (ICU)] due to COVID-19. The data from the study indicated that the majority of patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 were male (>55%), aged > 60 years (>40%), married (>80%), and unvaccinated (>71%). The common symptoms, complications, comorbidities, and medications were fever, pneumonia, hypertension, and prednisolone, respectively. Male gender, patients older than 60 years, unemployed, unvaccinated, complicated, and comorbid patients had an odds ratio of more than 2 and were found to be significantly (p < 0.05) higher in ICU admission. In addition, administration of prednisolone and remdesivir was found to significantly reduce (p < 0.05) the odds ratio in ICU patients. The analysis of the data suggested that male gender, age above 60 years, and unvaccinated with comorbidities increased the complications and resulted in hospitalization, including ICU admission. Hypertension and type 2 diabetes associated with obesity as metabolic syndrome could be considered one of the major risk factors. Preventive strategies need to be directed toward these risk factors to reduce the complications, as well as hospitalization to defeat the COVID-19 pandemic.
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spelling pubmed-93894022022-08-20 Analysis of potential risk factors associated with COVID-19 and hospitalization Alharbi, Abdul-Hakeem Moazi Rabbani, Syed Imam Halim Mohamed, Ashraf Abdel Almushayti, Basil Khalid Aldhwayan, Nasser Ibrahim Almohaimeed, Ali Tami Alharbi, Abdullah Abdulrhman Alharbi, Naif Saad Asdaq, Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin Alamri, Abdulhakeem S. Alsanie, Walaa F. Alhomrani, Majid Front Public Health Public Health Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was found to cause complications in certain groups of people, leading to hospitalization. Several factors have been linked to this, such as gender, age, comorbidity, and race. Understanding the precise reasons for the COVID-19-induced complications might help in designing strategies to minimize hospitalization. A retrospective, cross-sectional observational study was conducted for patients in a COVID-19-designated specialty hospital after obtaining ethical clearance. Patients' demographic and clinical characteristics, such as age, gender, race, vaccinated status, complications, comorbidities, and medications, were retrieved from the hospital medical database. The data were statistically analyzed to determine the association between the predictors and the outcomes of COVID-19. An odds ratio (both unadjusted and adjusted) analysis was carried out to determine the risk factors for hospitalization [non-intensive care (non-ICU) and intensive care (ICU)] due to COVID-19. The data from the study indicated that the majority of patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 were male (>55%), aged > 60 years (>40%), married (>80%), and unvaccinated (>71%). The common symptoms, complications, comorbidities, and medications were fever, pneumonia, hypertension, and prednisolone, respectively. Male gender, patients older than 60 years, unemployed, unvaccinated, complicated, and comorbid patients had an odds ratio of more than 2 and were found to be significantly (p < 0.05) higher in ICU admission. In addition, administration of prednisolone and remdesivir was found to significantly reduce (p < 0.05) the odds ratio in ICU patients. The analysis of the data suggested that male gender, age above 60 years, and unvaccinated with comorbidities increased the complications and resulted in hospitalization, including ICU admission. Hypertension and type 2 diabetes associated with obesity as metabolic syndrome could be considered one of the major risk factors. Preventive strategies need to be directed toward these risk factors to reduce the complications, as well as hospitalization to defeat the COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-08-05 /pmc/articles/PMC9389402/ /pubmed/35991020 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.921953 Text en Copyright © 2022 Alharbi, Rabbani, Halim Mohamed, Almushayti, Aldhwayan, Almohaimeed, Alharbi, Alharbi, Asdaq, Alamri, Alsanie and Alhomrani. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Public Health
Alharbi, Abdul-Hakeem Moazi
Rabbani, Syed Imam
Halim Mohamed, Ashraf Abdel
Almushayti, Basil Khalid
Aldhwayan, Nasser Ibrahim
Almohaimeed, Ali Tami
Alharbi, Abdullah Abdulrhman
Alharbi, Naif Saad
Asdaq, Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin
Alamri, Abdulhakeem S.
Alsanie, Walaa F.
Alhomrani, Majid
Analysis of potential risk factors associated with COVID-19 and hospitalization
title Analysis of potential risk factors associated with COVID-19 and hospitalization
title_full Analysis of potential risk factors associated with COVID-19 and hospitalization
title_fullStr Analysis of potential risk factors associated with COVID-19 and hospitalization
title_full_unstemmed Analysis of potential risk factors associated with COVID-19 and hospitalization
title_short Analysis of potential risk factors associated with COVID-19 and hospitalization
title_sort analysis of potential risk factors associated with covid-19 and hospitalization
topic Public Health
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9389402/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35991020
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.921953
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