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Urological cancer organoids, patients' avatars for precision medicine: past, present and future
Urological cancers are common malignant cancers worldwide, with annually increasing morbidity and mortality rates. For decades, two-dimensional cell cultures and animal models have been widely used to study the development and underlying molecular mechanisms of urological cancers. However, they eith...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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BioMed Central
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9389738/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35986387 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13578-022-00866-8 |
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author | Chen, Haotian Zhang, Wentao Maskey, Niraj Yang, Fuhan Zheng, Zongtai Li, Cheng Wang, Ruiliang Wu, Pengfei Mao, Shiyu Zhang, Junfeng Yan, Yang Li, Wei Yao, Xudong |
author_facet | Chen, Haotian Zhang, Wentao Maskey, Niraj Yang, Fuhan Zheng, Zongtai Li, Cheng Wang, Ruiliang Wu, Pengfei Mao, Shiyu Zhang, Junfeng Yan, Yang Li, Wei Yao, Xudong |
author_sort | Chen, Haotian |
collection | PubMed |
description | Urological cancers are common malignant cancers worldwide, with annually increasing morbidity and mortality rates. For decades, two-dimensional cell cultures and animal models have been widely used to study the development and underlying molecular mechanisms of urological cancers. However, they either fail to reflect cancer heterogeneity or are time-consuming and labour-intensive. The recent emergence of a three-dimensional culture model called organoid has the potential to overcome the shortcomings of traditional models. For example, organoids can recapitulate the histopathological and molecular diversity of original cancer and reflect the interaction between cancer and surrounding cells or stroma by simulating tumour microenvironments. Emerging evidence suggests that urine-derived organoids can be generated, which could be a novel non-invasive liquid biopsy method that provides new ideas for clinical precision therapy. However, the current research on organoids has encountered some bottlenecks, such as the lack of a standard culture process, the need to optimize the culture medium and the inability to completely simulate the immune system in vivo. Nonetheless, cell co-culture and organoid-on-a-chip have significant potential to solve these problems. In this review, the latest applications of organoids in drug screening, cancer origin investigation and combined single-cell sequencing are illustrated. Furthermore, the development and application of organoids in urological cancers and their challenges are summarised. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9389738 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-93897382022-08-20 Urological cancer organoids, patients' avatars for precision medicine: past, present and future Chen, Haotian Zhang, Wentao Maskey, Niraj Yang, Fuhan Zheng, Zongtai Li, Cheng Wang, Ruiliang Wu, Pengfei Mao, Shiyu Zhang, Junfeng Yan, Yang Li, Wei Yao, Xudong Cell Biosci Review Urological cancers are common malignant cancers worldwide, with annually increasing morbidity and mortality rates. For decades, two-dimensional cell cultures and animal models have been widely used to study the development and underlying molecular mechanisms of urological cancers. However, they either fail to reflect cancer heterogeneity or are time-consuming and labour-intensive. The recent emergence of a three-dimensional culture model called organoid has the potential to overcome the shortcomings of traditional models. For example, organoids can recapitulate the histopathological and molecular diversity of original cancer and reflect the interaction between cancer and surrounding cells or stroma by simulating tumour microenvironments. Emerging evidence suggests that urine-derived organoids can be generated, which could be a novel non-invasive liquid biopsy method that provides new ideas for clinical precision therapy. However, the current research on organoids has encountered some bottlenecks, such as the lack of a standard culture process, the need to optimize the culture medium and the inability to completely simulate the immune system in vivo. Nonetheless, cell co-culture and organoid-on-a-chip have significant potential to solve these problems. In this review, the latest applications of organoids in drug screening, cancer origin investigation and combined single-cell sequencing are illustrated. Furthermore, the development and application of organoids in urological cancers and their challenges are summarised. BioMed Central 2022-08-19 /pmc/articles/PMC9389738/ /pubmed/35986387 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13578-022-00866-8 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Review Chen, Haotian Zhang, Wentao Maskey, Niraj Yang, Fuhan Zheng, Zongtai Li, Cheng Wang, Ruiliang Wu, Pengfei Mao, Shiyu Zhang, Junfeng Yan, Yang Li, Wei Yao, Xudong Urological cancer organoids, patients' avatars for precision medicine: past, present and future |
title | Urological cancer organoids, patients' avatars for precision medicine: past, present and future |
title_full | Urological cancer organoids, patients' avatars for precision medicine: past, present and future |
title_fullStr | Urological cancer organoids, patients' avatars for precision medicine: past, present and future |
title_full_unstemmed | Urological cancer organoids, patients' avatars for precision medicine: past, present and future |
title_short | Urological cancer organoids, patients' avatars for precision medicine: past, present and future |
title_sort | urological cancer organoids, patients' avatars for precision medicine: past, present and future |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9389738/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35986387 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13578-022-00866-8 |
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